Instruction: what to do if a dog gets a sunburn.

Immediate Actions

1. Assess the Severity

When a dog shows signs of sunburn, the first step is to determine how serious the damage is. Begin by visually inspecting the affected area. Look for redness that is uniform and limited to a small patch; this usually indicates a mild reaction. If the skin appears raw, blistered, or ulcerated, the injury is moderate to severe and warrants immediate veterinary attention.

Next, gently palpate the skin. Tenderness or swelling suggests deeper tissue involvement. Note any changes in behavior, such as excessive licking, whimpering, or reluctance to move, which can signal significant discomfort.

Finally, assess the duration of exposure. Sunburn that developed after a brief outdoor stint may be less severe than damage resulting from prolonged, unshaded time under strong sunlight. Document these observations-color, texture, pain response, and exposure length-to provide a clear picture for a veterinarian if professional care becomes necessary.

2. Move to Shade

When a dog shows signs of sunburn, the first priority is to get the animal out of direct sunlight and into a cool, shaded area. Direct exposure continues to damage already inflamed skin and can accelerate tissue loss.

Place the dog under a solid structure such as a porch, a canopy, or a tree with dense foliage. If none of these are available, create temporary shade with an umbrella, a lightweight tarp, or a portable pop‑up shelter. Ensure the surface beneath the shade is non‑abrasive; a cool, dry mat or a towel prevents additional irritation from a hot ground.

While moving the dog, handle the animal gently to avoid stressing inflamed areas. Support the body with both hands, especially around the shoulders and hips, and keep the leash short to maintain control. If the dog is reluctant to move, use a calm voice and offer a treat to encourage cooperation.

After reaching shade, monitor the temperature of the surrounding air. If it remains high, increase airflow with a fan or open windows. Keep the dog hydrated by offering fresh water frequently. Observe the affected skin for swelling, blistering, or excessive redness; these signs may require veterinary attention.

Key actions for moving a sun‑burned dog to shade:

Identify the nearest reliable shade source (structure, tree, or improvised cover).
Gently lift and guide the dog to the chosen spot, maintaining a short leash.
Provide a cool, non‑abrasive surface for the dog to lie on.
Offer water and, if possible, a gentle breeze to lower skin temperature.

Prompt relocation to shade reduces further UV damage, alleviates discomfort, and creates a controlled environment for subsequent treatment steps.

3. Cool the Skin

When a dog shows signs of sunburn, the first priority is to lower the temperature of the affected area. Apply a gentle, cool (not ice‑cold) stream of water for 5-10 minutes. This reduces inflammation and prevents further tissue damage. After rinsing, pat the skin dry with a clean towel; avoid rubbing, which can irritate the compromised epidermis.

Follow the rinse with a cold, damp compress. Soak a soft cloth in cool water, wring out excess liquid, and place it on the burned spot for several minutes. Replace the cloth when it warms. Do not apply ice directly to the skin, as extreme cold can cause vasoconstriction and worsen discomfort.

If the dog tolerates it, a thin layer of pet‑safe, hypoallergenic gel (such as veterinary‑approved aloe vera) can be spread after cooling. The gel should be applied sparingly and re‑applied every few hours to maintain moisture and promote healing.

Practical steps for cooling:

Run cool tap water over the sun‑exposed area for 5-10 minutes.
Pat the skin dry with a soft towel, avoiding friction.
Apply a cold, damp cloth for 5 minutes; refresh as needed.
Optionally, use a veterinary‑approved soothing gel after the skin is dry.

Monitor the dog for signs of worsening pain or swelling. If discomfort persists beyond a few hours, seek veterinary evaluation.

Home Treatment

1. Apply Cool Compresses

As a veterinary dermatologist, I recommend immediate cool compresses for a dog with sunburn to reduce inflammation and prevent tissue damage. Use a clean, soft cloth soaked in cool (not icy) water; avoid freezing temperatures that can cause vasoconstriction and worsen discomfort.

Wet the cloth with cool water, wring out excess liquid.
Gently place the compress on the affected skin for 5‑10 minutes.
Remove, allow the area to air‑dry, then repeat every 2‑3 hours for the first 24‑48 hours.
Monitor for signs of swelling, excessive licking, or infection; seek professional care if these appear.

After each session, pat the skin dry with a soft towel and ensure the dog cannot reach the site with its mouth. This routine provides relief while the skin begins to heal.

2. Soothe the Skin

When a canine experiences sunburn, rapid skin soothing mitigates pain and lowers the risk of secondary infection. Apply a cool, damp cloth to the affected area for several minutes; repeat every 30 minutes during the first few hours. The temperature should be comfortably cool, never icy, to avoid vasoconstriction that could worsen tissue damage.

Select a topical agent formulated for animals, such as a veterinary‑approved aloe vera gel or a hypoallergenic moisturizer containing ceramides. Apply a thin layer and gently massage until fully absorbed. Avoid products with alcohol, menthol, or essential oils, as these can irritate inflamed tissue.

Maintain a shaded environment for the duration of the recovery period. Limit outdoor exposure to early morning or late evening, and use a breathable, lightweight shirt or sunscreen specifically designed for dogs if further sun contact is unavoidable.

Monitor the skin daily for signs of infection-redness spreading beyond the original area, swelling, pus, or foul odor. If any of these symptoms appear, contact a veterinarian promptly for antimicrobial treatment.

2.1. Aloe Vera

Aloe vera gel is a first‑line topical agent for canine sunburn because it delivers water, polysaccharides, and antioxidants directly to damaged skin. Its cool, moisturizing texture reduces erythema and alleviates discomfort without the risk of systemic toxicity.

When applying aloe to a sun‑exposed dog, follow these precise steps:

Use 100 % pure, food‑grade aloe vera gel; avoid products containing alcohol, fragrances, or artificial colors, which can irritate sensitive skin.
Test a small area (approximately a 2‑cm patch) for adverse reaction; wait 10 minutes before proceeding.
Apply a thin layer to the affected region, gently rubbing until the gel is absorbed. Reapply every 2-3 hours during the first 24 hours, then twice daily until the skin appears normal.
Keep the treated area protected from further UV exposure by providing shade or a lightweight, UV‑blocking garment.
Monitor for signs of infection (pus, swelling, foul odor). If any develop, discontinue aloe and seek veterinary care.

Aloe vera’s anti‑inflammatory compounds, such as acemannan, promote fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis, accelerating re‑epithelialization. Regular use, combined with sun protection, restores the integrity of the dog’s skin while minimizing scarring.

2.2. Oatmeal Bath

Veterinary experts recommend an oatmeal bath as an effective, gentle method to soothe canine sunburn. Oatmeal’s anti‑inflammatory properties and natural soothing agents help reduce redness, itching, and discomfort without irritating sensitive skin.

To prepare the bath, use plain, unflavored oatmeal or a commercial colloidal oatmeal product designed for pets. Blend 1 cup of rolled oats in a food processor until a fine powder forms, or measure the recommended amount of colloidal oatmeal according to the package instructions. Dissolve the powder in warm (not hot) water-approximately 3-4 L for a medium‑sized dog-stirring until fully dispersed.

Apply the solution as follows:

Gently wet the affected areas with lukewarm water.
Submerge the dog in the oatmeal‑infused water, ensuring full coverage of sun‑exposed skin.
Allow the dog to soak for 5-10 minutes; avoid prolonged exposure that could soften the skin excessively.
Rinse briefly with clean, lukewarm water to remove residue, then pat dry with a soft towel-do not rub, as this may irritate the burn.

Precautions:

Verify that the water temperature is comfortable; temperatures above 38 °C can worsen the burn.
Do not use scented or medicated shampoos in the same bath, as they may counteract oatmeal’s soothing effect.
Observe the dog for signs of increased discomfort or allergic reaction; discontinue use and seek veterinary care if symptoms escalate.
For severe burns covering large areas or involving mucous membranes, an oatmeal bath should complement, not replace, professional treatment.

Regularly applying an oatmeal bath-once daily for the first 48 hours, then every other day until the skin heals-can accelerate recovery and provide noticeable relief.

3. Prevent Licking

Veterinary professionals advise immediate steps to stop a dog from licking sun‑damaged skin. Licking can worsen inflammation, delay healing, and introduce infection.

Apply a protective collar (e.g., an Elizabethan or inflatable “cone”) until the affected area stabilizes. The device must fit snugly but allow normal breathing and movement.
Use a veterinary‑approved topical spray or ointment with a bitter taste. Products containing lidocaine or zinc oxide provide relief while discouraging oral contact.
Offer a chewable deterrent, such as a flavored, non‑medicated oral gel, to occupy the mouth and reduce the urge to lick.
Cover the area with a lightweight, breathable bandage if the dog tolerates it. Secure the bandage with medical tape that does not adhere to fur.
Supervise the dog in a confined space when the collar or bandage is removed. Immediate intervention prevents accidental licking.

Consistent application of these measures, combined with regular assessment of the sunburn’s severity, minimizes self‑trauma and supports faster recovery.

4. Hydration

When a dog suffers from sunburn, maintaining proper hydration is critical for recovery. Sun-exposed skin loses moisture, and the body’s demand for fluids increases to support tissue repair and regulate temperature.

Provide fresh, cool water at all times. Place multiple water bowls in shaded areas to encourage frequent drinking. If the dog shows reluctance to drink, offer water mixed with low‑sodium broth or a small amount of electrolyte solution designed for pets.

Monitor intake closely. Record the volume consumed each hour; a decrease of more than 10 % from normal daily consumption signals dehydration risk. Adjust the supply accordingly, adding ice cubes or chilled water to make drinking more appealing in hot conditions.

Supplement oral hydration with wet food or a puree of pumpkin, cucumber, and water. These foods contribute additional fluid without requiring extra effort from the dog.

In severe cases, administer subcutaneous fluids under veterinary guidance. This method delivers isotonic solution directly into the tissue, rapidly correcting fluid deficits and supporting circulation to damaged skin.

Regularly check mucous membranes and skin turgor. Pale gums and a slow‑rebounding pinch indicate insufficient hydration and warrant immediate veterinary attention.

When to See a Vet

1. Signs of Severe Sunburn

Severe sunburn in dogs manifests through distinct, observable symptoms that require immediate veterinary attention.

Red, raw patches that extend beyond the typical pinkness of healthy skin, especially on thin‑skinned areas such as the nose, ears, and belly.
Swelling or edema that makes the affected region feel firm to the touch.
Blister formation or fluid‑filled lesions that may rupture, leaving open wounds.
Excessive licking, scratching, or rubbing of the burned area, indicating pain and discomfort.
Pale or white discoloration of the skin, suggesting tissue damage beneath the surface.
Fever, lethargy, or loss of appetite accompanying the cutaneous signs, reflecting systemic stress.

If any of these indicators appear, contact a veterinarian without delay to prevent infection, scarring, or deeper tissue injury.

2. Blistering or Peeling Skin

Blistering or peeling skin indicates that the dog’s epidermis has been damaged by ultraviolet exposure. The skin may appear raised, fluid‑filled, or may slough off in patches, often accompanied by redness and discomfort.

When these signs appear, take immediate action:

Gently rinse the affected area with cool (not cold) water for 1-2 minutes to reduce temperature and remove debris.
Pat dry with a soft towel; avoid rubbing, which can rupture blisters.
Apply a veterinary‑approved burn gel or a thin layer of 2‑3 % aloe vera gel to soothe inflammation; do not use human products containing alcohol or fragrance.
Prevent licking by fitting an Elizabethan collar or using a taste‑averting spray approved for canine use.
Keep the dog in a shaded, well‑ventilated environment and limit outdoor exposure until the skin heals.
Observe the skin daily; if blisters enlarge, become infected (pus, foul odor), or the dog shows signs of pain, fever, or lethargy, contact a veterinarian promptly.

Do not attempt to puncture or peel blisters, as this increases infection risk. Provide fresh water and a balanced diet to support skin regeneration. Document the progression with photos to assist the veterinarian in evaluating treatment efficacy.

3. Pain and Discomfort

When a dog’s skin is exposed to intense sunlight, the resulting inflammation can cause significant pain. Look for rapid panting, restlessness, whining, or reluctance to move. Red, swollen patches often feel warm to the touch; they may blister or peel as the burn progresses.

Immediate relief focuses on reducing discomfort and preventing further damage. Apply a cool, damp cloth to the affected area for a few minutes, avoiding ice that can worsen tissue injury. Offer a bland diet and ensure constant access to fresh water, as dehydration amplifies pain perception. If the dog appears unusually sensitive, limit activity for 24‑48 hours and keep the animal in a shaded, well‑ventilated environment.

Practical steps for managing pain:

Administer a veterinarian‑approved anti‑inflammatory medication (e.g., carprofen or meloxicam) according to the prescribed dosage.
Use a pet‑safe soothing gel or aloe‑based product to moisturize the skin; apply thinly to avoid occlusion.
Monitor the burn daily; note any increase in redness, swelling, or discharge.
Contact a veterinary professional promptly if the dog shows signs of fever, excessive licking, or if the burn covers more than a few square inches.

Effective pain control, combined with careful observation, prevents the condition from escalating into infection or chronic dermatitis.

4. Behavioral Changes

As a veterinary dermatologist, I observe that dogs with sunburn often exhibit distinct behavioral alterations that signal discomfort and require prompt attention.

First, the animal may become unusually restless. Frequent pacing, an inability to settle, or repeated attempts to find shade indicate that the inflamed skin is painful. Second, a noticeable reduction in activity levels frequently occurs; the dog may withdraw from walks, play, or other usual exercises, preferring to lie down in cooler areas. Third, changes in grooming habits are common. Excessive licking, biting, or scratching of the affected region, sometimes extending to surrounding areas, reflect an attempt to alleviate irritation. Fourth, appetite may decline. A sun‑exposed dog that suddenly eats less or refuses food often does so because the pain interferes with normal chewing motions. Fifth, vocalizations such as whines, whimpers, or low growls may accompany handling of the sun‑burned skin.

When these behaviors appear, the following actions are recommended:

Limit exposure to direct sunlight; keep the dog in a shaded, well‑ventilated environment.
Apply a veterinarian‑approved topical soothing agent to the burned area, following dosage instructions precisely.
Offer cool, fresh water and a bland diet to encourage eating without discomfort.
Monitor the dog’s activity for at least 24 hours; intervene if restlessness or agitation persists.
Consult a veterinary professional if licking, scratching, or vocalizations intensify, as secondary infection or severe burns may be developing.

Recognizing and responding to these behavioral cues minimizes suffering and promotes faster skin recovery.

Prevention

1. Sunscreen for Dogs

Sunscreen is a practical preventive measure for dogs that spend time outdoors in direct sunlight. Veterinary dermatology recommends products formulated specifically for canine skin because human sunscreens often contain ingredients that can be toxic if ingested.

Key characteristics of an effective dog sunscreen:

Broad‑spectrum protection with an SPF of at least 30.
Zinc oxide or titanium dioxide as the active UV‑blocking agents; these minerals are non‑absorbent and safe if licked.
Absence of parabens, fragrances, and artificial dyes, which can irritate sensitive skin.
Water‑resistant formula to maintain protection during play or swimming.
Easy‑to‑apply consistency, such as a spray or a cream that spreads evenly without leaving a greasy residue.

Application guidelines:

Test a small area for adverse reaction before full coverage.
Apply a thin layer to exposed regions-nose, ears, eyelids, and belly-30 minutes before sun exposure.
Reapply every two hours, or after the dog has been in water or rubbed against surfaces.
Wash off the product after the outdoor session to prevent buildup and potential ingestion.

Storage recommendations:

Keep the container tightly sealed and stored in a cool, dry place.
Discard after the expiration date; mineral filters degrade over time and lose efficacy.

When selecting a sunscreen, choose products labeled “for dogs” or “pet‑safe.” Brands that have undergone independent testing and carry a veterinary endorsement provide additional assurance of safety. If a dog shows signs of sunburn despite preventive measures-redness, peeling, or discomfort-consult a veterinarian promptly for appropriate treatment.

2. Protective Clothing

Veterinary professionals advise that appropriate protective garments are essential for shielding a dog’s skin from harmful ultraviolet exposure. Light‑weight, breathable fabrics with a high ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) prevent burns while allowing heat dissipation. Materials such as tightly woven polyester or nylon, often treated with UV‑blocking agents, maintain flexibility and resist moisture buildup.

Choosing the right garment requires assessing the dog’s size, breed, and activity level. The clothing must fit snugly without restricting movement, and seams should lie flat to avoid chafing. Adjustable straps or Velcro closures enable a secure fit as the animal moves. For dogs with short or thin coats, full‑body shirts or rash guards provide comprehensive coverage; for longer‑haired breeds, lightweight capes or neck protectors may suffice.

When deploying protective clothing, follow these steps:

Measure the dog’s chest, neck, and back length; select a size that allows a finger’s width of clearance around the torso.
Inspect the garment for defects, loose threads, or abrasive edges before each use.
Dress the animal in a calm environment; allow a few minutes for acclimation to prevent stress.
Re‑evaluate fit after activity, as sweating or movement can shift the garment.
Wash the clothing according to manufacturer instructions; avoid fabric softeners that may reduce UPF performance.

Regularly rotating garments and providing shade during prolonged outdoor periods further minimizes the risk of sun‑induced skin damage.

3. Limiting Sun Exposure

Limiting a dog’s sun exposure is essential for preventing and managing solar burns. Direct ultraviolet radiation damages the epidermis, prolongs healing, and increases the risk of secondary infection. Reduce risk by controlling the environment and timing of outdoor activities.

Schedule walks before sunrise or after sunset, when UV intensity is lowest.
Provide ample shade in the yard; use umbrellas, canopies, or trees to block direct rays.
Equip the dog with a lightweight, UV‑protective vest or shirt, especially for light‑skinned breeds.
Apply a veterinary‑approved, broad‑spectrum sunscreen to exposed areas (nose, ears, abdomen) at least 15 minutes before exposure; reapply every two hours or after swimming.
Avoid high‑reflectivity surfaces such as sand, concrete, or water, which amplify UV exposure.
Limit time on hot pavement; a 5‑minute walk on a heated surface can cause burns comparable to several minutes in direct sunlight.
Monitor weather forecasts; postpone outdoor activities on days with high UV index or extreme heat.

Implementing these measures shortens recovery time and protects vulnerable skin from further damage.

4. Sensitive Areas

Dogs are most vulnerable to ultraviolet damage on unpigmented or thin‑skinned regions. The nose, ear flaps, eyelids, belly, groin, and paw pads absorb heat quickly and develop erythema or ulceration after brief sun exposure. Owners should inspect these areas regularly, especially after outdoor activity, for redness, peeling, or swelling.

When signs of sunburn appear, follow a precise protocol:

Gently clean the affected skin with cool, sterile water; avoid rubbing.
Apply a veterinary‑approved, fragrance‑free sunscreen formulated for pets, using a thin layer on the nose, ears, and any exposed pads.
If the burn is moderate, spread a thin film of a 1‑2 % hydrocortisone cream or a veterinary‑recommended soothing gel; limit use to three days to prevent skin thinning.
Cover vulnerable zones with lightweight, breathable clothing or a sun‑protective vest for the remainder of the day.
Restrict further sun exposure for at least 24 hours; schedule walks in early morning or late evening when UV intensity is low.

Persistent lesions, blistering, or signs of infection warrant immediate veterinary evaluation. Early intervention prevents secondary complications such as secondary bacterial infection or chronic scarring in these high‑risk zones.

Long-Term Care

1. Monitor for Skin Cancer

As a veterinary dermatologist, I advise owners of dogs that have experienced sunburn to treat the episode as a potential early warning sign for skin cancer. Immediate observation of the affected area is essential; any change in color, texture, or size warrants prompt veterinary evaluation.

Key indicators to watch for include:

Persistent redness or swelling beyond the typical healing period (seven to ten days).
Development of raised, firm nodules or ulcerated patches.
Darkening of the skin, especially the appearance of black, brown, or blue lesions.
Excessive itching, bleeding, or discharge from the site.

Document the lesion daily with photographs and note any progression. Schedule a veterinary skin examination within two weeks of the burn, even if the wound appears to be healing. The clinician may perform a fine‑needle aspirate or skin biopsy to rule out malignant transformation.

Do not rely on over‑the‑counter creams or home remedies to mask symptoms; these can delay diagnosis. Early detection of squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, or other skin tumors dramatically improves treatment outcomes and reduces the need for extensive surgery. Regular skin checks should become part of the dog’s routine health care, particularly for light‑skinned, thin‑coated, or outdoor‑active breeds.

2. Hydration and Nutrition

Adequate fluid intake is essential for a dog recovering from sunburn because damaged skin increases the risk of dehydration. Provide clean, cool water at all times and replace it frequently to encourage drinking. If the dog shows reluctance, add a small amount of low‑sodium broth or a canine electrolyte supplement, following the manufacturer’s dosage guidelines.

Nutrition supports tissue repair and reduces inflammation. Offer a diet rich in high‑quality protein to supply the amino acids needed for skin regeneration. Incorporate wet food or moisten dry kibble to make meals easier to ingest and to boost fluid consumption. Include sources of omega‑3 fatty acids, such as fish oil or flaxseed oil, which have documented anti‑inflammatory properties; add the recommended amount to the daily ration.

Avoid foods high in sodium, preservatives, or artificial additives, as they can aggravate dehydration and impede healing. Monitor the dog’s eating and drinking patterns closely; a decrease of more than 10 % from normal intake warrants veterinary consultation. Regularly assess skin condition and adjust fluid and nutrient provision accordingly.