Instruction: what to do if a dog's eyes are watering.

Understanding Why Your Dog's Eyes Are Watering

Common Causes of Watery Eyes in Dogs

Environmental Irritants

Veterinary professionals recognize that excessive tearing in dogs often originates from exposure to environmental irritants. Common agents include pollen, dust, smoke, chemical cleaners, and airborne mold spores. These particles can infiltrate the ocular surface, disrupt tear film stability, and trigger reflex lacrimation.

Identifying the irritant is the first corrective measure. Observe the dog’s surroundings for recent changes: new landscaping, seasonal pollen peaks, renovation dust, use of aerosol sprays, or introduction of scented products. If a specific source is apparent, remove the dog from the area or eliminate the contaminant. For indoor environments, increase ventilation, employ HEPA filtration, and avoid harsh cleaning agents near the animal’s resting spots.

When removal of the irritant is impractical, supportive care mitigates discomfort:

Flush eyes with sterile saline to dilute residual particles.
Apply a veterinarian‑approved lubricating eye drop to protect the cornea.
Monitor for signs of secondary infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge.
Schedule a veterinary examination if tearing persists beyond 24‑48 hours or if vision appears impaired.

Long‑term prevention relies on environmental management. Regularly clean bedding, vacuum carpets, and keep windows closed during high pollen counts. Choose fragrance‑free, hypoallergenic grooming products. Periodic veterinary check‑ups confirm that the ocular surface remains healthy and that no underlying allergy or anatomical issue contributes to the tearing.

Allergies

Allergic reactions are a common reason for excessive tearing in dogs. Contact with pollen, dust mites, mold spores, or topical irritants can trigger inflammation of the ocular surface, leading to clear or slightly colored discharge.

Identify the allergen by observing the environment when symptoms appear. Indoor triggers often include cleaning agents, scented candles, or new bedding materials. Outdoor triggers may involve seasonal pollen or herbicide drift. A veterinary examination, possibly supplemented by skin or blood allergy testing, confirms the specific cause.

Management proceeds in three stages:

Eliminate exposure - Remove or replace suspected irritants; use hypoallergenic bedding; keep windows closed during high pollen counts; wash the dog’s paws and face after outdoor activity.
Medical therapy - Apply prescribed ocular lubricants to protect the cornea; administer antihistamine or steroid eye drops as directed; consider systemic antihistamines or corticosteroids for severe cases.
Preventive care - Implement regular grooming to clear debris; maintain a dust‑free home; schedule periodic veterinary check‑ups to adjust treatment as the dog’s sensitivity evolves.

If tearing persists despite these measures, reassess the diagnosis; secondary infections, anatomical abnormalities, or tear‑duct blockages may require additional intervention.

Eyelid Abnormalities

When a dog’s eyes produce excess tears, one frequent underlying factor is an eyelid abnormality. Recognizing and addressing these conditions prevents chronic irritation, secondary infection, and potential vision loss.

Eyelid malformations that commonly cause epiphora include entropion (inward‑folding lid), ectropion (outward‑turning lid), lagophthalmos (incomplete closure), and ptosis (drooping lid). Each condition disrupts the normal tear film, either by misdirecting tears onto the cornea or by exposing the ocular surface to the environment. Early identification relies on visual inspection: observe the lid margin for abnormal curvature, assess blink completeness, and note any hair or debris contacting the cornea.

Management proceeds in three phases:

Diagnostic confirmation - Perform a thorough ophthalmic examination, including fluorescein staining to detect corneal abrasions, and measure tear production with a Schirmer test if dry eye is suspected.
Medical stabilization - Apply lubricating ointments to protect the cornea, use topical antibiotics for secondary bacterial involvement, and consider anti‑inflammatory drops if conjunctival swelling is present.
Surgical correction - For entropion, a permanent or temporary tacking procedure repositions the lid outward. Ectropion often requires skin trimming or a horizontal eyelid shortening technique. Lagophthalmos may be treated with lateral canthoplasty to improve closure, while ptosis correction involves tightening the levator palpebrae muscle.

Post‑operative care includes temporary eye bandaging, continued lubrication, and scheduled re‑checks to ensure proper healing and to adjust sutures if necessary. Owners should monitor for persistent tearing, discharge, or signs of discomfort and seek veterinary review promptly.

In summary, eyelid abnormalities represent a primary cause of watery eyes in dogs. Accurate diagnosis, immediate medical support, and definitive surgical repair constitute the most effective protocol for restoring ocular health and preventing long‑term damage.

Tear Duct Issues

Tear duct problems are a common reason for excessive ocular discharge in dogs. Blocked or inflamed nasolacrimal canals prevent normal drainage, leading to watery eyes, crusting, and occasional redness.

Potential causes include congenital narrowing, scar tissue from injury, infection, allergic inflammation, or dental disease that compresses the duct. Breed predisposition is notable in Poodles, Bichon Frise, and Shih Tzu, where anatomical structure favors obstruction.

Clinical evaluation should begin with a thorough eye examination, fluorescein staining to rule out corneal ulcers, and a Schirmer tear test to assess tear production. A diagnostic lavage of the nasolacrimal system can confirm blockage; resistance or lack of fluid return indicates obstruction.

Management strategies:

Medical therapy
1. Topical anti‑inflammatory drops (e.g., corticosteroids) for mild conjunctival irritation.
2. Antibiotic ointments if secondary bacterial infection is present.
3. Systemic antihistamines for allergic components.
Physical intervention
1. Warm compresses applied twice daily to soften secretions.
2. Gentle massage of the nasolacrimal sac (located near the medial canthus) to promote drainage.
Surgical options
1. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) creates a new drainage pathway directly into the nasal cavity.
2. Canalicular intubation inserts a tiny tube to keep the duct open during healing.

Preventive measures focus on regular cleaning of the peri‑ocular area, prompt treatment of dental infections, and avoidance of irritants such as smoke or strong fragrances.

If discharge persists despite conservative care, if there is persistent swelling, or if the dog exhibits pain, immediate veterinary referral is required. Early intervention reduces the risk of chronic conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, and permanent vision loss.

Foreign Objects in the Eye

When a dog’s eyes produce excessive tears, a common cause is the presence of a foreign object lodged on the cornea, conjunctiva, or within the tear duct. Immediate assessment and appropriate action can prevent irritation, infection, and potential damage to ocular structures.

First, observe the eye for signs of a foreign body: localized redness, a visible speck, squinting, or persistent tearing that does not subside after a brief rinse. The dog may also paw at the eye or exhibit a hesitant stare.

If the object is superficial and clearly visible, follow these steps:

Secure the dog: Use a calm voice and gentle restraint; a second person may help hold the head.
Rinse with sterile saline: Flush the eye from the inner corner outward to dislodge debris. Use a sterile dropper or a syringe without a needle.
Inspect again: After flushing, re‑examine the eye under good lighting. If the object remains and is not embedded, attempt removal with sterile tweezers or a cotton swab, taking care not to touch the cornea.
Apply a protective ointment: Use a veterinarian‑approved ocular lubricant to reduce irritation after removal.

Do not attempt removal if the object appears embedded, is metallic, or if the dog shows severe pain, swelling, or discharge. In such cases, seek veterinary care promptly. The veterinarian may perform fluorescein staining to highlight corneal abrasions, conduct a thorough slit‑lamp examination, and use specialized instruments for safe extraction.

Preventive measures include regular grooming to eliminate loose hair, keeping the dog’s environment free of dust and small particles, and monitoring for signs of eye irritation after outdoor activities. Prompt identification and proper handling of foreign material are essential to preserve ocular health and prevent chronic watering.

Corneal Problems

When a dog’s eyes produce excessive tears, one common cause is a corneal problem. The cornea, the transparent front surface of the eye, can be injured, inflamed, or infected, leading to irritation and tearing.

Typical corneal issues include scratches (ulcers), abrasions, dystrophy, and ulcerative keratitis. Signs often accompany the watery discharge: redness, cloudiness, a visible lesion, squinting, or a painful response to touch. If any of these accompany the tearing, immediate attention is required.

First‑aid steps:

Flush the eye with sterile saline or clean, lukewarm water to remove debris.
Avoid applying ointments or drops unless prescribed by a veterinarian.
Prevent the dog from rubbing the eye with its paw or a collar by using an Elizabethan collar if necessary.
Keep the animal calm and limit activity to reduce further irritation.

If the cornea appears cloudy, there is a persistent ulcer, or the dog shows signs of pain, schedule a veterinary examination within 24 hours. Professional care may involve:

Diagnostic fluorescein staining to highlight epithelial damage.
Prescription of topical antibiotics or anti‑inflammatory medication.
Placement of a protective bandage contact lens for severe ulcers.
Systemic pain management when required.

Long‑term prevention focuses on protecting the eye from trauma and infection. Regular grooming eliminates foreign material, while routine veterinary eye checks detect early corneal changes. Dogs with brachycephalic skulls, long eyelashes, or a history of eye irritation benefit from additional monitoring.

In summary, watery eyes accompanied by corneal abnormalities demand prompt flushing, avoidance of self‑trauma, and swift veterinary evaluation. Proper treatment and preventive measures preserve ocular health and prevent vision loss.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a serious ocular condition that can cause persistent tearing in dogs. Elevated intra‑ocular pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to pain, visual impairment, and excessive lacrimation. Early recognition and prompt veterinary intervention are critical to preserve vision.

When a dog presents with watery eyes, consider the following diagnostic and therapeutic actions:

Schedule an ophthalmic examination within 24 hours. A qualified veterinarian will measure intra‑ocular pressure using tonometry and assess the cornea, pupil size, and retinal health.
If pressure exceeds normal limits (typically >25 mm Hg), initiate medical therapy. Common agents include topical prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and beta‑blocker eye drops. Dosage and frequency follow the veterinarian’s prescription.
Monitor response daily. Reduction of tearing, stabilization of pressure, and absence of ocular discomfort indicate effective treatment.
Discuss surgical options if medication fails to control pressure. Procedures such as laser cyclophotocoagulation or drainage implant placement provide long‑term pressure reduction.
Implement regular follow‑up visits every 2-4 weeks during the acute phase, then every 3-6 months for maintenance. Consistent re‑evaluation prevents recurrence and detects secondary complications.

Owners should keep the ocular surface clean with sterile saline wipes, avoid self‑administered drops, and restrict the dog’s activity if pain is evident. Prompt veterinary care, accurate diagnosis, and adherence to prescribed therapy constitute the most effective strategy for managing glaucoma‑related tearing.

Infections

When a dog’s eyes produce excessive tears, bacterial, viral, or fungal infections are common culprits. Recognizing infection‑related ocular discharge is the first step toward effective intervention.

Typical signs of an infectious cause include thick, yellow‑green or mucoid discharge, redness of the conjunctiva, swelling of the eyelids, and occasional crusting around the lash line. Fever, lethargy, or concurrent respiratory symptoms may accompany systemic infections that affect the eyes.

Diagnosis begins with a thorough ophthalmic examination. A veterinarian will collect a sample of the discharge for cytology and culture, allowing identification of the pathogen and determination of antimicrobial sensitivity. In some cases, fluorescein staining reveals corneal ulcers that often accompany bacterial keratitis.

Treatment protocols depend on the identified organism:

Bacterial infections: Topical broad‑spectrum antibiotics (e.g., neomycin‑polymyxin‑bacitracin) applied q8‑12 h, supplemented by systemic antibiotics if deep tissue involvement is suspected.
Viral infections: Antiviral agents are limited; supportive care, strict isolation, and vaccination updates reduce spread.
Fungal infections: Topical antifungal solutions (e.g., natamycin) combined with systemic antifungal medication (e.g., itraconazole) for invasive cases.

Adjunctive measures improve outcomes. Warm compresses applied for 5‑10 minutes, three times daily, soften crusts and promote drainage. Artificial tears maintain corneal hydration, preventing secondary damage. Preventing self‑trauma by using an Elizabethan collar reduces the risk of worsening ulceration.

Owners should monitor progress closely. If discharge persists beyond 48 hours, worsens in color or volume, or if the dog exhibits pain when the eye is touched, immediate veterinary reassessment is essential. Early identification and targeted therapy minimize permanent ocular damage and preserve vision.

Initial Steps When You Notice Watery Eyes

Assessing the Situation

Observing Other Symptoms

When a dog’s eyes produce excess tears, the condition rarely exists in isolation. Careful observation of additional clinical signs can differentiate a simple irritation from a systemic problem that requires immediate veterinary intervention.

First, monitor the discharge itself. Clear, watery fluid often indicates environmental irritation or a blocked tear duct, whereas yellow, green, or mucous‑laden secretion suggests bacterial or viral infection. Note any change in color, consistency, or odor.

Second, assess facial and ocular behavior. Frequent blinking, squinting, or pawing at the eyes points to discomfort. A swollen or reddened eyelid, visible crusting, or a visible foreign object warrants prompt cleaning and possibly professional removal.

Third, evaluate the dog’s overall health. Look for:

Persistent coughing or nasal discharge
Fever, manifested as warm ears or a dry nose that feels hotter than usual
Lethargy or reduced appetite
Skin lesions, especially around the face or periorbital area
Changes in breathing patterns or audible wheezing

These systemic indicators often accompany allergic reactions, autoimmune disorders, or infectious diseases that affect the ocular surface.

Fourth, consider environmental factors. Exposure to smoke, dust, pollen, or chemical cleaners can trigger tear overproduction. Document recent changes in the dog’s surroundings, such as new cleaning products, landscaping work, or a shift to indoor heating.

Finally, act on the findings. If the dog exhibits only mild, isolated tearing with clear discharge and no accompanying signs, gentle flushing with sterile saline and monitoring for 24‑48 hours is reasonable. If any of the listed additional symptoms appear, or if the tearing persists despite basic care, schedule a veterinary examination without delay. Early detection of underlying pathology reduces the risk of corneal damage, chronic infection, and vision loss.

Checking for Obvious Irritants

When a dog’s eyes produce excess tears, the first step is to determine whether a visible irritant is present. An immediate visual scan can reveal foreign material that triggers lacrimation.

Observe the eye surface for dust, pollen, grass seeds, or hair. Look for specks on the cornea or eyelid margin.
Gently lift the upper and lower eyelids to expose the inner surface. Use a clean, damp gauze to wipe away any debris without applying pressure.
Examine the surrounding environment. Check for recent exposure to smoke, cleaning chemicals, or scented products that may have drifted onto the face.
Inspect the fur around the eyes for mats or clumps that could rub against the cornea. Trim any excessive hair if it contacts the ocular surface.
If a small particle is lodged in the tear duct or conjunctiva, flush the eye with sterile saline or a veterinary‑approved ocular rinse. Apply the solution at the inner corner, allowing it to flow across the surface.

If no irritant is found after these checks, or if tearing persists despite removal, consider underlying inflammation or infection and seek veterinary evaluation.

First Aid Measures

Gentle Cleaning Around the Eye

When a dog’s eyes produce excess discharge, prompt cleaning reduces irritation and lowers the risk of secondary infection.

Required supplies:

Sterile, non‑linting gauze or soft cloth
Saline solution formulated for ophthalmic use
Cotton swabs with rounded tips
Disposable gloves

Procedure:

Wash hands thoroughly and wear gloves to maintain hygiene.
Saturate the gauze with saline; gently press against the outer corner of the eye to loosen debris.
Using a fresh swab, wipe from the inner corner outward, avoiding direct contact with the cornea.
Repeat on the opposite eye with a new piece of gauze.
Dispose of all used materials safely.

Precautions:

Do not apply pressure on the eyeball; only the surrounding skin should be touched.
Avoid using alcohol‑based wipes or harsh detergents, which can damage delicate tissues.
If discharge persists beyond 24 hours, intensifies, or is accompanied by redness, seek veterinary evaluation.

Regular, gentle cleaning maintains ocular comfort and supports healthy tear film until the underlying cause resolves.

Flushing the Eye (If Safe)

When a dog’s eyes produce excessive discharge, a gentle rinse can remove irritants and reduce tearing, provided the situation is not an emergency. The technique is appropriate only when the cornea appears intact, there is no obvious trauma, and the animal tolerates handling.

Gather sterile saline or a clean, lukewarm tap‑water solution, a disposable syringe or a soft eye‑cup, and several clean towels. Ensure hands are washed and dried to prevent introducing bacteria. Secure the dog in a calm position; a helper may gently hold the head while the caretaker works on one eye at a time.

Tilt the head slightly back so the eye faces upward.
Apply a slow stream of saline from the outer corner toward the inner corner, avoiding direct pressure on the cornea.
Use a soft gauze pad to wipe away loosened debris after each flush.
Repeat until the fluid runs clear, typically no more than three to five passes per eye.
Dry the surrounding fur gently with a towel; do not rub the ocular surface.

After flushing, observe the eye for redness, swelling, persistent discharge, or signs of pain such as squinting or pawing. If any of these symptoms remain, or if the dog shows distress during the rinse, seek veterinary assessment promptly. Regular flushing without a clear cause can mask underlying conditions; therefore, limit the procedure to immediate relief while arranging professional care if needed.

When to Seek Veterinary Attention

Signs Indicating a Need for Immediate Vet Visit

Pain or Squinting

Veterinary ophthalmology identifies pain and squinting as immediate indicators that watery discharge may signal an underlying ocular problem. When a dog repeatedly narrows its eyes or shows signs of discomfort, the condition requires prompt assessment to prevent corneal damage or infection.

First, examine the eye for redness, swelling, or foreign material. Gently lift the eyelid and look for particles, discharge consistency, or ulceration. If the dog resists or exhibits a grimace, limit handling and seek professional care.

Next, implement a basic care protocol:

Flush the eye with sterile saline or a veterinarian‑approved eyewash to remove irritants.
Apply a thin layer of a lubricating ophthalmic ointment if the cornea appears dry.
Monitor the frequency of squinting and the volume of discharge for at least 24 hours.
Keep the animal in a low‑dust environment and prevent rubbing of the face with paws or bedding.

If pain persists beyond a few hours, if the discharge becomes thick, colored, or foul‑smelling, or if the squinting intensifies, arrange an immediate veterinary visit. Diagnostic tests may include fluorescein staining, Schirmer tear‑test, or cytology to identify infection, tear‑film deficiency, or structural injury. Treatment may involve antibiotic or anti‑inflammatory eye drops, systemic medication, or surgical intervention, depending on the diagnosis.

Prompt recognition of pain or squinting, coupled with systematic cleaning and observation, reduces the risk of permanent vision loss and supports rapid recovery.

Redness or Swelling

When a dog’s eyes produce excessive tears, accompanying redness or swelling signals irritation, infection, or an allergic response. Immediate assessment distinguishes between benign inflammation and conditions requiring veterinary intervention.

First, examine the peri‑ocular area. Look for:

Bright red conjunctiva or swollen eyelids.
Discharge that is thick, colored, or foul‑smelling.
Signs of pain, such as pawing at the face or squinting.

If redness is mild and swelling is limited, gentle cleaning may suffice. Use a sterile saline solution or a vet‑approved ocular wash to flush debris. Apply a warm, damp compress for 2-3 minutes, three times daily, to reduce edema. Avoid human eye drops; only products prescribed for canine use should be administered.

Escalate to professional care when any of the following appear: persistent swelling beyond 24 hours, intense redness spreading across the sclera, ulcerated cornea, or systemic symptoms like fever. The veterinarian will perform a fluorescein stain test, culture, or cytology to identify bacterial, viral, or allergic causes and prescribe appropriate ophthalmic antibiotics, anti‑inflammatories, or antihistamines.

Preventive measures include regular grooming to remove hair that may irritate the eye, maintaining a dust‑free environment, and monitoring for allergens in food or surroundings. Consistent check‑ups enable early detection of ocular disease, preserving vision and comfort.

Discharge (Pus, Mucus)

When a dog’s eyes produce excessive tearing accompanied by discharge, the nature of the fluid-pus or mucus-guides the appropriate response.

Pus indicates infection or inflammation. It appears thick, yellow‑to‑green, and may emit an odor. Immediate veterinary evaluation is essential to identify underlying bacterial or fungal causes and to initiate targeted antimicrobial therapy. Delay can lead to corneal damage or systemic spread.

Mucus is typically clear or white, thinner, and often results from irritation, allergies, or a blocked tear duct. Initial steps include:

Gently wipe the area with a sterile, damp gauze; avoid rubbing.
Inspect for foreign material (dust, hair) and remove if visible.
Apply a veterinarian‑approved lubricating eye drop to soothe irritation.
Monitor for changes in color, consistency, or volume over 24‑48 hours.

If mucus persists, becomes discolored, or is accompanied by swelling, squinting, or redness, schedule a veterinary appointment. Diagnostic tests may involve cytology, tear production measurement, or imaging to rule out conjunctivitis, keratitis, or nasolacrimal obstruction.

Preventive measures reduce recurrence:

Keep the facial region clean and free of debris.
Limit exposure to irritants such as smoke, chemicals, or strong fragrances.
Use hypoallergenic diet if food‑related allergies are suspected.
Regularly trim hair around the eyes in breeds prone to trichiasis.

In summary, differentiate pus from mucus, apply immediate cleaning, seek professional care for purulent discharge, and employ hygiene and environmental controls to mitigate non‑infectious ocular discharge.

Cloudiness or Change in Eye Color

When a dog’s eyes produce excess tears, the presence of cloudiness or an alteration in iris hue signals a problem that may extend beyond simple irritation. Cloudy corneas often indicate inflammation, infection, or the early stages of cataract formation, while a shift in eye color can reflect pigment loss, uveitis, or systemic disease.

First, isolate the affected eye and observe the degree of opacity. A milky or gray appearance across the cornea suggests corneal edema or ulceration; a localized white spot may be a scar or early cataract. Note any accompanying signs such as redness, swelling, discharge, or behavioral changes like squinting or pawing at the eye. These observations help differentiate between superficial irritation and deeper ocular pathology.

If cloudiness or color change is evident, schedule a veterinary examination promptly. The clinician will perform fluorescein staining to detect ulcerations, tonometry to measure intraocular pressure, and slit‑lamp evaluation to assess the corneal layers. Diagnostic testing may include cytology of discharge, blood work, or ocular ultrasound, depending on the suspected underlying cause.

Treatment depends on the diagnosis. Antimicrobial eye drops address bacterial infections; anti‑inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids or non‑steroidal agents, reduce uveitis and edema. In cases of cataract development, the veterinarian may discuss surgical removal or monitoring protocols. Pain management and protective eye shields can alleviate discomfort while the underlying condition resolves.

Owners should maintain a clean ocular environment, avoiding exposure to irritants like dust, smoke, or chemical fumes. Regular grooming of facial hair prevents hair encroachment onto the cornea. Any recurrence of tearing, opacity, or discoloration warrants immediate professional evaluation to prevent permanent vision loss.

Sudden Onset or Worsening

When a dog’s eyes begin to water abruptly or the discharge intensifies, the situation demands immediate assessment. Rapid onset often signals irritation, infection, or trauma that can progress quickly if left untreated.

First, isolate the animal to prevent further exposure to irritants. Examine the periocular area for foreign material, swelling, or redness. If a visible object is present, remove it gently with sterile tweezers; avoid probing deeper tissues, which could cause additional damage.

Next, cleanse the ocular surface. Use a sterile saline solution or a veterinarian‑approved eye wash, applying a few drops to each eye while holding the lids open. This dilutes irritants and removes excess discharge, reducing the risk of secondary infection.

After cleaning, evaluate the dog’s behavior. Signs such as persistent squinting, pawing at the eyes, or reluctance to eat indicate pain that warrants professional attention. Even in the absence of overt distress, a sudden increase in tearing should prompt a veterinary consultation within 24 hours to rule out conditions such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, or early glaucoma.

While awaiting professional care, avoid administering over‑the‑counter drops unless specifically prescribed by a veterinarian. Incorrect medication can mask symptoms or exacerbate underlying pathology.

In summary, the critical steps for a sudden or worsening ocular discharge are:

Secure the dog in a calm environment.
Inspect and gently remove any visible foreign bodies.
Rinse the eyes with sterile saline.
Observe for pain‑related behaviors.
Contact a veterinarian promptly, preferably within a day.

Timely intervention prevents complications and preserves the animal’s visual health.

Preparing for Your Vet Appointment

Documenting Observations

When a dog presents with tearing eyes, systematic documentation of observations provides the foundation for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Each recorded detail reduces ambiguity, guides veterinary consultation, and creates a reference for monitoring progress or relapse.

Begin each observation session with a timestamp and the dog’s identification (breed, age, weight, known medical history). Note the environment (indoor/outdoor, recent exposure to irritants, weather conditions) because external factors often influence ocular discharge.

Capture the characteristics of the tear production:

Color (clear, yellowish, greenish, blood‑tinged)
Consistency (watery, mucoid, thick)
Volume (trace, moderate, profuse)
Laterality (right eye, left eye, both)

Document accompanying signs:

Redness or swelling of the conjunctiva
Presence of crusting or discharge around the eyelids
Behavioral changes (pawing, squinting, reluctance to eat)
Any recent injuries, foreign bodies, or medication use

Photographic evidence, taken with consistent lighting and distance, reinforces written notes and assists remote evaluation. Store images alongside the written log in a secure, searchable format.

Track interventions and outcomes. Record each action (flushing, topical medication, systemic treatment) with dosage, frequency, and duration. Follow each intervention with a reassessment after a defined interval (e.g., 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours) and note any change in the documented parameters.

Maintain the log in a durable medium-digital spreadsheet or dedicated veterinary app-allowing trend analysis over days or weeks. Regular review of the compiled data reveals patterns such as seasonal flare‑ups or response latency to specific therapies, informing future care decisions.

By adhering to this structured recording protocol, owners and professionals create a reliable evidence base that accelerates identification of underlying causes, supports targeted treatment, and ultimately safeguards the dog’s ocular health.

Gathering Your Dog's Medical History

As a veterinary ophthalmology specialist, I advise that a thorough medical record is the first step when a dog presents with excessive tearing. Accurate background information narrows differential diagnoses and guides treatment choices.

Collect the following data:

Prior eye disorders (conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, glaucoma, cataracts) and dates of diagnosis.
History of systemic illnesses (autoimmune disease, endocrine disorders, respiratory infections) that can affect ocular health.
Current and recent medications, including topical eye drops, oral antibiotics, anti‑inflammatories, and supplements.
Surgical interventions, especially those involving the face, nasal passages, or head.
Vaccination and parasite‑prevention schedule, since infectious agents may cause ocular discharge.
Dietary regimen and any recent changes, as food allergies can trigger ocular irritation.
Environmental exposures (smoke, dust, chemicals, pollen) and living conditions (indoor vs. outdoor, presence of other animals).
Behavioral observations (frequency of rubbing, scratching, pawing at the eyes) and any noted triggers.

Document dates, dosages, and veterinary contacts for each entry. Verify the information with the owner’s records to avoid omissions. This compiled history enables rapid identification of likely causes-such as allergic conjunctivitis, tear duct obstruction, or infectious keratitis-and supports targeted diagnostics and therapy.

Veterinary Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnostic Procedures

Ocular Examination

When a dog presents with excessive tearing, a systematic ocular examination is essential to identify the underlying cause and guide treatment.

First, obtain a concise history: onset, duration, environmental exposures, recent trauma, medications, and any concurrent systemic signs. This information narrows differential diagnoses such as conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, or allergic keratoconjunctivitis.

Proceed with a thorough external inspection. Observe the periocular skin for swelling, discharge type, and symmetry of the tear meniscus. Gently retract the upper and lower eyelids to examine the conjunctiva for hyperemia, papillary reaction, or foreign material.

Apply a fluorescein strip to the corneal surface. A positive uptake indicates epithelial disruption, suggesting ulceration or erosions that require immediate protection. Record the size, depth, and location of any lesions.

Measure tear production using the Schirmer tear test (STT‑I). Place a standardized strip in the lower conjunctival sac for one minute; values below 15 mm/min suggest aqueous deficiency, while excessive values may accompany reflex tearing from irritation.

Assess intraocular pressure with a calibrated tonometer. Elevated pressure can signify secondary glaucoma, while low pressure may accompany severe corneal disease or uveitis.

If available, employ a portable slit‑lamp or indirect ophthalmoscope to evaluate the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, and lens. Look for signs of inflammation, pigment deposition, or cataract formation.

Document findings in a structured format:

History summary
External inspection results
Fluorescein staining outcome
Schirmer tear test value
Intraocular pressure reading
Slit‑lamp/ophthalmoscopic observations

Based on the collected data, differentiate between primary tear overproduction and secondary reflex tearing. Primary overproduction may respond to topical anti‑inflammatory agents or allergen avoidance, whereas secondary causes often require addressing the inciting pathology-antibiotics for bacterial conjunctivitis, surgical correction for nasolacrimal obstruction, or protective bandaging for corneal ulcers.

If any exam component reveals significant abnormality-corneal ulcer, abnormal intraocular pressure, or marked inflammation-initiate appropriate therapy promptly and schedule a follow‑up visit within 24-48 hours. Early intervention reduces the risk of scarring, vision loss, and chronic discomfort.

Tear Production Test

When a dog’s eyes produce an abnormal amount of tears, the first step is to determine whether the lacrimal glands are functioning normally. The tear production test, commonly known as the Schirmer tear test, quantifies tear output and helps differentiate between physiological excess and pathological conditions such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, blockage, or infection.

The test involves placing a sterile strip of filter paper inside the lower conjunctival sac for a standardized period, typically one minute. The strip absorbs tears, and the length of the wet portion is measured in millimeters. Values above 15 mm/min are considered normal; readings between 10 and 15 mm/min suggest mild deficiency, while results below 10 mm/min indicate significant tear production loss that may require medical intervention.

Interpretation guides subsequent action:

Normal result (≥15 mm/min): investigate external irritants, allergies, or anatomical anomalies; apply appropriate cleaning or environmental modifications.
Mild to moderate reduction (10-14 mm/min): consider anti‑inflammatory or lubricating eye drops; schedule follow‑up testing to monitor trends.
Severe reduction (<10 mm/min): initiate therapeutic protocols such as cyclosporine or tacrolimus eye ointments; refer to a veterinary ophthalmologist for comprehensive evaluation.

Owners should seek veterinary assessment promptly if watery discharge persists despite basic hygiene, as early detection of tear production abnormalities improves prognosis and prevents corneal damage.

Fluorescein Stain Test

When a canine presents with excessive tearing, the fluorescein stain test provides a rapid assessment of corneal integrity. The dye, a sterile sodium fluorescein solution, highlights epithelial defects that may be the source of irritation or infection.

Procedure

Apply a small amount of fluorescein to the ocular surface using a sterile applicator.
Instruct the dog to blink naturally; the dye spreads across the cornea.
Examine the eye under a cobalt‑blue light. Areas of uptake appear bright green, indicating loss of epithelial cells.

Interpretation

Uniform green fluorescence without focal staining suggests a healthy epithelium; tear overflow likely stems from lacrimal gland or nasolacrimal duct issues.
Localized bright spots denote ulceration, abrasion, or early keratitis; immediate therapeutic intervention is required.
Diffuse staining with pooling may indicate severe epithelial breakdown or corneal edema; systemic antibiotics and anti‑inflammatory medication become priorities.

Next steps after a positive finding

Record the size and location of each stained area.
Initiate appropriate treatment: topical antibiotics for bacterial ulcers, lubricants for mild abrasions, or surgical consultation for deep lesions.
Re‑evaluate the eye after 24-48 hours using the same test to monitor healing.
If staining persists or worsens, perform additional diagnostics such as Schirmer tear test or culture and sensitivity.

The fluorescein stain test is a cornerstone of canine ocular examination, enabling clinicians to differentiate between superficial tear film problems and underlying corneal pathology swiftly and accurately.

Pressure Measurement

When a dog presents with excessive tearing, the first diagnostic priority is to assess intra‑ocular pressure (IOP). Elevated pressure often indicates glaucoma, while low pressure may suggest ocular trauma or infection. Accurate measurement guides treatment selection and prevents irreversible vision loss.

A calibrated tonometer-either rebound, applanation, or Schiotz-provides reliable IOP readings. Prior to measurement, apply a thin layer of sterile anesthetic drops to the cornea to minimize reflex tearing and ensure patient comfort. Position the animal’s head securely, align the probe per manufacturer instructions, and record three consecutive readings. Average the values to reduce variability.

Interpretation follows established veterinary thresholds: normal canine IOP ranges from 15 to 25 mm Hg. Readings above 30 mm Hg warrant immediate ocular hypotensive therapy, such as topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or systemic osmotic agents. Values below 10 mm Hg demand evaluation for corneal ulceration, uveitis, or hyphema, prompting anti‑inflammatory or antimicrobial treatment as indicated.

Monitoring continues with repeat IOP assessments every 4-6 hours during acute management, then weekly until stability is confirmed. Document each measurement, drug dosage, and clinical response to track progression and adjust therapy promptly.

Key actions for a practitioner faced with watery eyes in a dog:

Apply sterile corneal anesthetic.
Use a calibrated tonometer to obtain three IOP readings.
Calculate the mean value and compare with normal canine range.
Initiate appropriate pharmacologic intervention based on pressure status.
Schedule frequent re‑checks to ensure pressure normalization.
Record all data for longitudinal analysis.

By integrating precise pressure measurement into the evaluation of ocular discharge, clinicians can differentiate benign tearing from sight‑threatening conditions and implement targeted treatment without delay.

Treatment Options

Medications (Drops, Ointments, Oral)

When a dog’s eyes produce excessive tears, the first step is to identify the underlying cause-infection, allergy, irritation, or systemic disease. Pharmacologic treatment should be selected according to the diagnosed condition and the drug’s route of administration.

Topical drops

Antimicrobial drops (e.g., polymyxin B/trimethoprim, gentamicin) treat bacterial conjunctivitis; apply 1-2 drops in the affected eye 3-4 times daily.
Antifungal drops (e.g., miconazole) are reserved for fungal keratitis; use 1 drop 2-3 times daily.
Anti‑inflammatory drops (e.g., cyclosporine 0.2 %) reduce allergic tearing; instill 1 drop twice daily.
Lubricating drops (e.g., artificial tears with hyaluronic acid) relieve mild irritation; apply every 4-6 hours as needed.

Ointments

Broad‑spectrum antibiotic ointments (e.g., bacitracin‑neomycin) provide longer contact time on the cornea; apply a thin layer to the conjunctival sac 2-3 times daily.
Steroid‑containing ointments (e.g., prednisolone acetate) may be used for severe inflammation but only under veterinary supervision because of the risk of increased intra‑ocular pressure and delayed wound healing.
Healing ointments with dexpantenol promote epithelial repair; apply 1-2 mm ribbon once or twice daily.

Oral medications

Systemic antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin‑clavulanate) address deep‑seated bacterial infections; dosage is typically 10-20 mg/kg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
Antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, diphenhydramine) mitigate allergic tearing; dose ranges from 1-2 mg/kg once daily.
Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatories (e.g., meloxicam) control pain and inflammation associated with ocular disease; administer 0.1 mg/kg once daily.
Immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine capsules) may be indicated for immune‑mediated keratoconjunctivitis; follow the veterinarian’s dosage protocol, usually 5 mg/kg twice daily.

Selection criteria include the severity of discharge, presence of corneal lesions, and the dog’s overall health status. Always verify drug compatibility with other treatments the animal receives. Monitor response within 48-72 hours; lack of improvement or worsening signs warrants re‑evaluation and possible adjustment of the therapeutic regimen.

Flushing Tear Ducts

Flushing the tear ducts is a practical method for reducing excessive tearing in dogs when the underlying cause is a blockage or irritation of the nasolacrimal system. The procedure clears debris, mucus, and mild inflammation, allowing natural drainage to resume.

The technique requires a sterile saline solution, a soft syringe without a needle, and gentle restraint. Follow these steps:

Prepare a 0.9% sterile saline solution at room temperature.
Load 1-2 ml of saline into the syringe.
Position the dog’s head slightly elevated to prevent fluid from entering the nasal cavity.
Locate the punctum at the inner corner of the lower eyelid; it appears as a tiny opening.
Gently press the syringe tip against the punctum and slowly release the saline, allowing it to flow through the duct.
Observe the fluid exiting from the nostril; this confirms patency.
Pat the area dry with a clean, lint‑free cloth.

Perform the flush once daily for three consecutive days. If tearing persists, increase frequency to twice daily for an additional week, monitoring for signs of irritation such as redness, swelling, or discharge.

Precautions:

Use only sterile saline; antiseptic solutions may damage delicate tissues.
Avoid excessive pressure; forceful injection can cause tissue trauma.
Do not attempt flushing if the dog shows signs of acute infection, ulceration, or severe ocular pain; seek veterinary assessment immediately.
Maintain a clean environment for the procedure to reduce the risk of introducing pathogens.

When flushing does not improve the condition after ten days, or if secondary symptoms develop (e.g., conjunctivitis, corneal opacity), a veterinarian should evaluate the dog for underlying disorders such as nasolacrimal duct stenosis, dental disease, or allergic reactions. Professional intervention may involve imaging, targeted medication, or surgical correction.

Surgical Interventions

When a dog presents with persistent ocular discharge, surgical correction becomes necessary only after medical therapy fails to resolve underlying obstruction or anatomical defects. The decision to operate relies on a thorough diagnostic work‑up, including fluorescein dye testing, lacrimal syringing, and imaging of the nasolacrimal system. Identifying a blocked nasolacrimal duct, malformed puncta, or chronic conjunctival inflammation guides the choice of procedure.

Common surgical options include:

Canaliculorhinostomy - creates a new passage between the canaliculi and the nasal cavity, bypassing a blocked nasolacrimal duct.
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) - forms an opening directly from the lacrimal sac to the nasal mucosa, indicated for distal duct obstruction.
Laser ablation of stenotic nasolacrimal ducts - minimally invasive, reduces tissue trauma and postoperative swelling.
Conjunctival flap reconstruction - addresses chronic conjunctivitis or ulceration secondary to tear overflow.
Partial or complete punctal closure - employed when puncta are abnormally large, limiting tear drainage.

Pre‑operative preparation involves stabilizing ocular surface health, administering systemic antibiotics if infection is present, and ensuring anesthesia protocols accommodate the breed’s physiological traits. Intra‑operative precision is critical; microsurgical instruments and magnification reduce collateral damage to surrounding tissues.

Post‑operative management consists of topical anti‑inflammatory drops, antibiotic ointments, and regular cleaning of the surgical site to prevent granulation tissue formation. Sutures are typically removed within 10-14 days, and a follow‑up examination confirms patency of the newly created drainage pathway. Complications such as stenosis recurrence, infection, or scar formation require prompt intervention, often with revision surgery or adjunctive laser therapy.

Successful resolution of watery eyes through surgery restores normal tear flow, protects corneal integrity, and improves the animal’s comfort. Selecting the appropriate technique, adhering to strict aseptic standards, and providing diligent postoperative care are essential components of effective surgical treatment for canine epiphora.

Preventing Future Episodes of Watery Eyes

Regular Eye Care

Routine Cleaning

When a dog’s eyes produce excess discharge, regular cleaning prevents irritation and infection. The following protocol should be incorporated into daily grooming routines.

Wash hands thoroughly before handling the dog’s face.
Use a sterile, soft gauze pad or a clean, lint‑free cloth dampened with lukewarm water. Avoid soaps or chemicals that could disturb the ocular surface.
Gently wipe from the inner corner of the eye outward, using a fresh section of the pad for each pass to remove tears, mucus, and debris.
Inspect the tissue for signs of discoloration, blood, or unusual thickness; note any persistent redness or swelling.
After each wipe, dry the surrounding fur lightly with a separate dry cloth to prevent moisture accumulation.
Apply a veterinarian‑approved ocular lubricant if the eyes appear dry after cleaning; follow the product’s dosage instructions precisely.
Record the cleaning time and any observations in a care log to track patterns and facilitate veterinary consultations if symptoms persist beyond three days.

Consistent application of this routine minimizes the risk of secondary complications and supports overall ocular health. If the discharge becomes thick, colored, or is accompanied by pawing at the eyes, seek professional evaluation promptly.

Trimming Hair Around Eyes

When a dog’s eyes produce excess tears, hair that grows near the orbital margin can trap moisture, irritants, and debris, worsening discharge and increasing the risk of infection. Removing that hair creates a clear pathway for tear drainage and simplifies cleaning.

Preparation

Choose a stainless‑steel grooming scissor with a rounded tip or a low‑noise electric trimmer designed for sensitive areas.
Clean and disinfect the tool with isopropyl alcohol before each session.
Secure the dog in a calm position; a short‑duration muzzle may be used for safety if the animal is nervous.
Lightly wet the facial area with a damp cloth to soften hair and reduce static.

Technique

Locate the hair line that borders the upper and lower eyelids, extending from the inner canthus to the outer corner.
Using the rounded scissor, trim only the visible fringe that encroaches on the eye surface; avoid cutting within a centimeter of the lash line.
For longer coats, employ the trimmer on a low setting, moving the blade parallel to the eye margin to shave excess hair without contacting the skin.
After each cut, wipe the area with a sterile gauze pad to remove loose hairs and assess for redness or irritation.

Safety checks

Observe the eye for signs of corneal abrasion, swelling, or persistent redness after trimming.
If any abnormality appears, cease grooming and consult a veterinarian promptly.
Maintain a regular trimming schedule-every 2-4 weeks for medium to long‑haired breeds-to prevent hair regrowth that could obstruct tear flow.

Post‑trimming care

Apply a thin layer of veterinary‑approved ocular lubricant if the eye feels dry.
Continue routine cleaning of the eye surface with a saline solution or a veterinarian‑recommended eye wipe to remove residual tears and debris.

Properly managed hair trimming around the eyes reduces tear accumulation, facilitates hygiene, and supports overall ocular health in dogs prone to watery eyes.

Environmental Management

Avoiding Irritants

When a dog’s eyes produce excess tears, one of the most effective preventive measures is eliminating environmental and dietary irritants that can trigger the response.

First, assess the dog’s surroundings. Dust, pollen, and smoke are common culprits. Regularly vacuum carpets, clean bedding, and use air purifiers with HEPA filters to reduce airborne particles. Keep windows closed during high‑pollen periods and avoid exposing the animal to fireplaces, incense, or scented candles.

Second, examine grooming products. Shampoos, conditioners, and wipes containing harsh chemicals or strong fragrances may irritate the ocular surface. Choose formulations labeled hypoallergenic and free of parabens, sulfates, and artificial dyes. Rinse thoroughly to prevent residue from contacting the eyes.

Third, evaluate the diet. Certain ingredients, such as excessive corn, soy, or artificial additives, can provoke allergic reactions manifesting as watery eyes. Opt for high‑quality protein sources, limited ingredient recipes, and consult a veterinarian to identify specific food sensitivities.

Fourth, consider physical irritants. Grass awns, sand, and debris can become lodged in the eye during walks. Use a well‑fitted muzzle or a protective eye shield for dogs that frequently encounter dense vegetation or dusty trails. After outdoor activities, gently rinse the face with lukewarm water to remove lingering particles.

Key irritants to avoid

Tobacco smoke and vaping aerosols
Strong household cleaners (ammonia, bleach)
Perfumed grooming supplies
Low‑quality commercial dog foods with multiple fillers
Outdoor debris (dust, pollen, grass seeds)

By systematically removing these factors, the likelihood of persistent tearing diminishes, supporting ocular health and overall comfort for the dog. If excessive tearing persists despite these precautions, seek veterinary evaluation to rule out infection, tear duct obstruction, or underlying disease.

Managing Allergies

When a dog’s eyes produce excessive tears, allergic reactions are a common trigger. Identifying and controlling allergens reduces discomfort and prevents secondary infections.

First, observe the environment. Pollen, dust mites, mold spores, and chemical irritants such as cleaning agents often cause ocular irritation. Keep the dog’s living area free of these particles: vacuum with a HEPA filter, wash bedding weekly in hot water, and limit exposure to freshly cut grass or flowering plants during peak pollen times.

Second, evaluate the dog’s diet. Certain proteins or additives can provoke systemic hypersensitivity that manifests in the eyes. Conduct an elimination trial under veterinary supervision, removing suspect ingredients for eight to ten weeks and monitoring tear production.

Third, implement medical management. Antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines prescribed by a veterinarian can alleviate inflammation. If bacterial overgrowth is suspected, a short course of ophthalmic antibiotics may be necessary. Steroid eye drops are reserved for severe cases and require close monitoring.

Fourth, maintain ocular hygiene. Gently wipe excess discharge with a sterile, damp gauze using a motion away from the eye. Avoid rubbing, which can damage the cornea. Apply a veterinarian‑approved tear‑free lubricant to keep the surface moist and protect against dryness.

Fifth, schedule regular veterinary examinations. Persistent tearing may indicate underlying conditions such as conjunctivitis, tear duct obstruction, or glaucoma, which demand specific interventions.

Practical checklist for owners:

Remove potential airborne allergens from the home.
Rotate bedding and toys weekly in hot water.
Conduct a supervised diet trial to pinpoint food allergens.
Administer prescribed antihistamines or eye drops as directed.
Clean the eye area daily with sterile gauze.
Apply lubricating drops if advised.
Book follow‑up appointments for ongoing assessment.

By systematically reducing exposure, adjusting nutrition, applying appropriate medication, and preserving ocular cleanliness, owners can effectively manage allergic eye watering in dogs and safeguard their pets’ visual health.

Regular Veterinary Check-ups

Regular veterinary examinations are essential for diagnosing and managing ocular discharge in dogs. During a routine visit, the veterinarian inspects the eyes, measures tear production, and evaluates the surrounding tissues for signs of infection, allergy, or anatomical abnormality. Early detection of conditions such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, or nasolacrimal duct obstruction prevents progression to chronic discomfort and visual impairment.

A systematic check‑up includes:

Full ophthalmic assessment with slit‑lamp or ophthalmoscope.
Fluorescein staining to reveal corneal lesions.
Tear‑film break‑up time test to assess tear quality.
Cytology or culture of discharge when infection is suspected.
Evaluation of systemic health factors that may affect tear production, such as endocrine disorders or medication side effects.

Consistent scheduling of examinations-typically every 12 months for healthy adults and more frequently for senior or breed‑predisposed dogs-provides a baseline for comparison. When watery eyes appear between appointments, owners should document frequency, color, and associated behaviors, then contact the clinic for guidance. Prompt professional evaluation, supported by recent health records, enables targeted therapy, whether it involves topical antibiotics, anti‑inflammatory drops, or surgical correction of structural issues.

In summary, integrating regular veterinary visits into a dog’s care routine establishes a proactive framework for addressing ocular discharge, reduces the risk of complications, and supports overall ocular health.