Can dogs be given paracetamol? - briefly
No, dogs should not be given paracetamol under any circumstances. This medication is highly toxic to dogs and can cause severe liver damage or even death if ingested.
Can dogs be given paracetamol? - in detail
Dogs should not be given paracetamol under any circumstances. Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is commonly used in human medicine for pain relief and reducing fever. However, it is highly toxic to dogs due to their unique physiology and metabolism.
The primary issue lies in how dogs process paracetamol. Unlike humans, dogs lack certain liver enzymes that help break down the drug safely. As a result, paracetamol can accumulate in a dog's system, leading to severe and potentially life-threatening side effects.
One of the most significant dangers is the development of methemoglobinemia. This condition occurs when the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced due to the formation of methemoglobin, an abnormal form of hemoglobin. Symptoms of methemoglobinemia include lethargy, weakness, pale gums, and in severe cases, collapse and death.
Moreover, paracetamol can cause liver damage in dogs. The liver is responsible for detoxifying many substances, including paracetamol. In the absence of the necessary enzymes, the drug can overwhelm the liver, leading to hepatotoxicity. Symptoms may include vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and jaundice.
If a dog accidentally ingests paracetamol, immediate veterinary attention is crucial. Early intervention can help mitigate the toxic effects and improve the chances of recovery. Treatment typically involves administering an antidote called N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which helps to replenish the liver's stores of glutathione, a vital antioxidant involved in detoxification. Additionally, supportive care such as intravenous fluids and close monitoring may be necessary.
To ensure your dog's safety, it is essential to keep all medications out of reach and only administer prescribed drugs under the guidance of a veterinarian. If you suspect your dog has ingested paracetamol or any other toxic substance, contact your veterinarian immediately for advice.