Can you give paracetamol to a dog? - briefly
Paracetamol is toxic to dogs and should never be given to them. If your dog ingests paracetamol, seek immediate veterinary care.
Can you give paracetamol to a dog? - in detail
Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a commonly used over-the-counter medication for relieving pain and reducing fever in humans. However, its use in dogs is highly discouraged due to significant safety concerns.
Dogs metabolize paracetamol differently than humans do. In dogs, the drug is primarily metabolized by the liver, where it can produce a toxic byproduct called N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). This compound can cause severe damage to red blood cells, leading to a condition known as hemolytic anemia. Additionally, paracetamol can cause liver failure in dogs due to its direct toxic effects on hepatocytes, the primary cells of the liver.
The margin of safety for paracetamol is extremely narrow in dogs. Even small doses that are considered safe for humans can be toxic to dogs. The lethal dose in dogs is estimated to be around 50-100 mg/kg, which means that ingesting just a few tablets intended for human use can potentially be fatal for a dog.
Symptoms of paracetamol poisoning in dogs may include lethargy, weakness, abdominal pain, vomiting, dark urine, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes). These symptoms can develop rapidly, sometimes within hours of ingestion. If you suspect your dog has ingested paracetamol, it is crucial to seek immediate veterinary care.
There are safer alternatives to paracetamol for managing pain and fever in dogs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as carprofen or meloxicam can be used, but they should only be administered under the guidance of a veterinarian. Other options include opioid analgesics like tramadol or hydromorphone, which are also typically prescribed by veterinarians.
In conclusion, it is strongly advised not to give paracetamol to dogs due to the significant risks involved. If your dog is experiencing pain or fever, consult with a veterinarian for appropriate treatment options tailored to their specific needs and health status.