Elevated total bilirubin - what does it mean in a dog? - briefly
Elevated total bilirubin levels in dogs typically indicate an issue with liver function or red blood cell breakdown (hemolysis). This can be caused by various conditions such as liver disease, infection, certain medications, or genetic disorders like hemolytic anemia.
Elevated total bilirubin - what does it mean in a dog? - in detail
Elevated total bilirubin levels in dogs can indicate several underlying conditions, requiring prompt veterinary attention. Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment produced by the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver. When bilirubin levels rise, it signals a disruption in this process.
One common cause of elevated bilirubin is hemolytic anemia, where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. This can be due to immune-mediated disorders, tick-borne diseases like babesiosis or ehrlichiosis, or exposure to certain medications or toxins.
Liver dysfunction or damage is another primary cause of elevated bilirubin levels. Conditions such as liver failure, hepatitis, or cancerous growths in the liver can impair its ability to process bilirubin effectively. Similarly, obstructions within the bile ducts, which carry bilirubin from the liver to the intestines for excretion, can lead to a buildup of this pigment.
Symptoms associated with elevated bilirubin levels in dogs may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes), lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting, and dark-colored urine. However, some dogs may not show any outward signs despite having high bilirubin levels.
Diagnosing the underlying cause requires a thorough veterinary examination. Blood tests will be performed to measure bilirubin levels and assess other liver enzymes and red blood cell counts. Depending on the results, additional tests such as abdominal ultrasound, liver biopsy, or specific disease screenings may be recommended.
Treatment strategies depend on the identified cause. For hemolytic anemia, addressing the underlying issue—whether it’s a tick-borne disease, medication reaction, or immune disorder—is crucial. In cases of liver dysfunction or obstruction, supportive care and medications to protect and heal the liver may be administered. Severe cases might require hospitalization and intensive treatment.
Owners should remain vigilant for any signs of illness in their dogs and promptly seek veterinary advice if they notice symptoms related to elevated bilirubin levels. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life for affected pets.