How are dogs euthanized with lidocaine? - briefly
Dogs are typically euthanized using lidocaine by administering an overdose of the drug intravenously or intracardially. This method is effective in causing rapid loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest, leading to a peaceful end for the animal.
How are dogs euthanized with lidocaine? - in detail
Dogs are often euthanized using a combination of drugs, including lidocaine, in a process designed to ensure a peaceful and humane end. Lidocaine, an anesthetic agent, is typically administered intravenously as part of a multi-drug protocol known as the "four-drug" or "Four P's" method. This approach includes lidocaine, along with pentobarbital sodium (the primary euthanasia agent), propofol (an anesthetic), and phenytoin (an anticonvulsant).
The procedure begins with the administration of a sedative, such as diazepam or midazolam, to calm the dog and reduce anxiety. Once the animal is relaxed, lidocaine is administered intravenously at a dose of 2-4 mg/kg. Lidocaine works by blocking sodium channels in the heart, which can help prevent arrhythmias and other cardiac complications that may occur during euthanasia.
Next, propofol is given to induce anesthesia, ensuring that the dog remains unconscious throughout the procedure. The final step involves administering pentobarbital sodium at a dose of 100-200 mg/kg intravenously. Pentobarbital is a barbiturate that causes respiratory and cardiac arrest, leading to death. Phenytoin may also be given concurrently with pentobarbital to prevent seizures and ensure a smooth transition.
Throughout the procedure, veterinary professionals monitor the dog's vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, to ensure that the process is proceeding as expected. This comprehensive approach aims to minimize stress and discomfort for the animal while ensuring a swift and humane outcome.