How can you tell if a dog has given birth or whelped? - briefly
You can determine if a dog has given birth by observing several signs: the presence of newborn puppies and the mother's behavior, such as licking them clean and nursing. Additionally, the dog may exhibit nesting behaviors before and after delivery, creating a comfortable space for her puppies.
How can you tell if a dog has given birth or whelped? - in detail
To determine whether a dog has given birth or "whelped," one should observe several key indicators throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period.
Behavioral Changes:
- Nesting Instincts: As the due date approaches, pregnant dogs often exhibit nesting behaviors such as digging, pawing at bedding, or seeking out quiet, secluded areas to give birth.
- Decreased Appetite: In the final stages of pregnancy, a dog's appetite may decrease slightly as her body prepares for labor and delivery.
- Restlessness: The dog might appear restless or anxious, pacing around and unable to settle down comfortably.
Physical Changes:
- Loose Abdomen: Towards the end of pregnancy, a dog's abdomen will become looser and less firm as puppies descend into the pelvic area in preparation for birth.
- Mammary Gland Development: The mammary glands will swell and may produce a clear or slightly yellowish fluid known as "wax" or "colostrum," which is essential for newborn puppies.
- Body Temperature Drop: A slight drop in body temperature, typically by about 1 to 2 degrees Fahrenheit (0.5 to 1 degree Celsius), can indicate that labor is imminent. This is due to the relaxation of muscles and ligaments in preparation for delivery.
Labor Signs:
- Contractions: The dog will experience contractions, which may be visible as rhythmic tightening of the abdomen. These become more frequent and intense as labor progresses.
- Water Breaking: A gush or trickle of clear fluid from the vulva indicates that the amniotic sac has ruptured, signaling the onset of active labor.
- Puppy Delivery: The first signs of delivery are usually a small bubble or sac protruding from the vulva. This is followed by the delivery of puppies, which should occur approximately every 30 to 60 minutes during active labor.
Postpartum Indicators:
- Afterbirth Expulsion: After each puppy, the dog will expel the placenta (afterbirth), which resembles a thin, transparent sac. Typically, one placenta is delivered per puppy, and it's crucial to monitor this to ensure all placentas are accounted for.
- Maternal Instincts: Immediately after delivery, the mother will often lick and clean her puppies to stimulate their breathing and circulation. She will also provide them with necessary care such as nursing and keeping them warm.
By observing these signs, one can accurately determine if a dog has given birth or whelped.