How do dogs get kennel cough? - briefly
Dogs can contract kennel cough through exposure to viruses and bacteria that cause the disease, often in environments where many dogs are housed together, such as boarding facilities, dog parks, or shelters. The primary pathogens responsible for kennel cough include Bordetella bronchiseptica, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus type 2.
How do dogs get kennel cough? - in detail
Kennel cough, also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease commonly affecting dogs. The condition is characterized by a persistent, hacking cough and can be caused by several pathogens, with Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) being the most common culprits. Understanding how dogs contract kennel cough involves delving into the mechanisms of transmission and the role of various environmental factors.
The primary mode of transmission for kennel cough is through airborne droplets, similar to how humans spread influenza. When an infected dog coughs or sneezes, it expels tiny droplets containing the infectious agents. Other dogs in close proximity can inhale these droplets, leading to infection. This is why kennel cough is particularly prevalent in environments where dogs are housed together, such as boarding kennels, animal shelters, and dog shows.
In addition to direct transmission through the air, indirect contact with contaminated surfaces can also spread the disease. The infectious agents can survive on various materials, including bedding, toys, food bowls, and even human hands. Dogs that come into contact with these contaminated objects may subsequently touch their nose or mouth, facilitating infection.
The incubation period for kennel cough is typically short, ranging from two to six days after exposure. During this time, the dog does not show any signs of illness but can still transmit the disease to other animals. Once symptoms manifest, the infected dog becomes more contagious, and the risk of spreading the infection increases significantly.
Several factors contribute to the likelihood of a dog contracting kennel cough. Young puppies and senior dogs are particularly susceptible due to their weaker immune systems. Stress, whether from travel, changes in environment, or other factors, can also compromise a dog's immunity, making it more vulnerable to infection. Additionally, dogs that have not been vaccinated against the primary pathogens (Bordetella bronchiseptica and CAV-2) are at a higher risk of developing kennel cough.
Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing kennel cough. While no vaccine can guarantee 100% protection, they significantly reduce the likelihood and severity of infection. Most veterinarians recommend vaccinating dogs against Bordetella bronchiseptica and CAV-2, especially those that frequent areas where they may encounter infected animals.
In conclusion, dogs contract kennel cough primarily through airborne transmission of infectious agents from coughing or sneezing dogs. Indirect contact with contaminated surfaces can also spread the disease. Factors such as age, stress, and vaccination status influence a dog's susceptibility to infection. Implementing preventive measures, including vaccination and maintaining good hygiene in communal areas, are essential strategies for mitigating the risk of kennel cough.