How do you call a dog in English? - briefly
In English, a male dog is called a "dog," and a female dog is referred to as a "bitch."
How do you call a dog in English? - in detail
In English, the term used to refer to an adult male or female dog is "dog." This word encompasses both genders and is universally understood to denote any canine of either sex. When referring to a young dog, typically less than one year old, the term "puppy" is commonly employed. It is important to note that while "bitch" is used specifically for an adult female dog, particularly in the context of breeding or pedigree discussions, it can sometimes be perceived as derogatory when used in casual conversation. Therefore, using "dog" or "female dog" is often more appropriate and respectful in general discourse. Additionally, there are various colloquial terms such as "hound," "mutt," or "canine," which can also be used to refer to dogs depending on the context and regional preferences.