How is canine parvovirus transmitted from dog to dog? - briefly
Canine parvovirus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected dogs or their feces. The virus can also be spread indirectly via contaminated objects, such as food bowls and toys.
How is canine parvovirus transmitted from dog to dog? - in detail
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects dogs, particularly puppies and young dogs. The transmission of CPV from one dog to another occurs through several primary routes:
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Fecal-Oral Route: This is the most common method of transmission for CPV. Infected dogs shed the virus in their feces, which can remain infectious in the environment for months, depending on factors such as temperature and humidity. Uninfected dogs become exposed to the virus by coming into contact with contaminated surfaces or by ingesting infected fecal matter directly or indirectly through contaminated food, water, or objects.
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Direct Contact: The virus can also be transmitted through direct contact with an infected dog. This includes physical interactions such as licking, grooming, or sharing toys and bedding. Dogs that have been in close proximity to an infected animal are at a higher risk of contracting the disease.
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Aerosol Transmission: While less common, CPV can also be spread through the air, particularly in environments with poor ventilation. The virus can become airborne from contaminated surfaces or feces and be inhaled by susceptible dogs. This route of transmission is more likely to occur in crowded conditions such as kennels, shelters, or pet shops.
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Fomites: CPV can survive on various surfaces, including clothing, shoes, pet supplies, and even human hands. Fomites act as carriers that facilitate the spread of the virus from one location to another. People who handle infected dogs without proper hygiene measures can inadvertently transfer the virus to other dogs they come into contact with.
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Vertical Transmission: In some cases, a pregnant dog infected with CPV may transmit the virus to her unborn puppies, leading to congenital infection. This form of transmission is less common but can result in severe outcomes for the newborn puppies.
To mitigate the risk of CPV transmission, it is essential to practice good hygiene and implement strict sanitary measures. These include regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, proper disposal of dog waste, isolation of infected dogs, and ensuring that all dogs are up-to-date with their vaccinations. Early detection and prompt treatment can also help minimize the spread of the virus within a population.