How is rabies transmitted from an animal to a human, a dog? - briefly
Rabies is transmitted to humans through the saliva of an infected dog, typically via bites or scratches that break the skin.
How is rabies transmitted from an animal to a human, a dog? - in detail
Rabies is a deadly viral disease primarily transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal, commonly dogs. The virus enters the human body through breaks in the skin, such as bites, scratches, or open wounds, when contaminated saliva comes into direct contact with these areas. The rabies virus targets the nervous system, traveling from the site of entry to the brain, where it causes severe inflammation and ultimately leads to death if untreated. Dogs are the most frequent carriers of rabies in many parts of the world, particularly in regions where vaccination programs are lacking. When an infected dog bites a human, the virus present in its saliva is introduced into the wound. Even minor bites or scratches can be sufficient for transmission if the skin is broken. In rare cases, rabies can also be transmitted if infected saliva comes into contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes, nose, or mouth. Once the virus enters the body, it replicates in muscle tissue before migrating to peripheral nerves. From there, it travels to the central nervous system, where it causes the characteristic symptoms of rabies, including fever, confusion, hydrophobia, and paralysis. Early post-exposure prophylaxis, including thorough wound cleaning, rabies vaccination, and administration of rabies immunoglobulin, is critical to prevent the onset of symptoms and death. Understanding the mechanisms of transmission underscores the importance of vaccinating domestic animals and avoiding contact with stray or wild animals in rabies-endemic areas.