How many rabies shots are needed if a dog bites you? - briefly
Rabies vaccination typically involves four doses administered over a two-week period. The initial dose is given as soon as possible after the bite, followed by three additional doses on days 3, 7, and 14.
How many rabies shots are needed if a dog bites you? - in detail
If you have been bitten by a dog, it is crucial to understand the necessary steps and number of rabies shots required to prevent potential infection. Rabies is a serious viral disease that can be fatal once symptoms appear, but it is entirely preventable if treated promptly after exposure. Here's a detailed breakdown of what you need to know:
Rabies vaccination typically involves a series of injections, often referred to as the rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The number and type of shots depend on whether you have been previously vaccinated against rabies or not.
For individuals who have never received a rabies vaccine before:
- Human Rabies Immunoglobulin (HRIG): This is an injection that provides immediate protection by neutralizing the virus until your body can produce its own antibodies. It is given as soon as possible after exposure, ideally within 24 hours but no later than 7 days. The dose is based on weight, usually 20 IU/kg for adults and children.
- Rabies Vaccine: A series of four doses of rabies vaccine are given over a period of two weeks. The first dose is administered as soon as possible after the HRIG injection, followed by additional shots on days 3, 7, and 14.
For individuals who have previously been vaccinated with a complete pre-exposure rabies series:
- Rabies Vaccine: Only two doses of rabies vaccine are needed. The first dose is given as soon as possible after the bite, followed by a second dose 3 days later.
It's essential to seek immediate medical attention if you have been bitten by a dog, especially if the animal is unknown or unvaccinated. Prompt treatment can prevent rabies infection and save your life. Additionally, it's crucial to clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water, as this helps remove any virus that may be present on the skin.
In summary, the number of rabies shots needed after a dog bite depends on your vaccination history. Unvaccinated individuals require four doses of vaccine plus HRIG, while previously vaccinated individuals need only two doses of the vaccine.