How to determine labor in a dog? - briefly
To determine if a dog is in labor, observe for signs such as restlessness, nesting behavior, and panting. Additionally, check for changes in the vulva, which may become swollen or reddened, and monitor for contractions.
How to determine labor in a dog? - in detail
Determining when a dog is in labor involves observing specific signs and changes in behavior. The process can be divided into three stages: pre-labor, active labor, and post-partum.
Pre-Labor: The first stage of labor in dogs typically begins about two to four weeks before delivery. During this time, the bitch may exhibit several subtle signs indicating that labor is approaching. These include a decrease in activity level, increased nesting behavior, such as digging or rearranging bedding, and a change in appetite. The bitch's body temperature may also drop slightly, usually below 100°F (37.8°C), which is a reliable indicator that labor will begin within the next 24 to 48 hours. Additionally, the mammary glands may start to produce milk and become more engorged as the delivery date approaches.
Active Labor: The second stage of labor begins when the bitch starts to have contractions. This phase is characterized by several distinct signs:
- Restlessness: The dog may pace, whine, or seem generally uncomfortable.
- Nesting Instincts: The bitch will intensify her nesting efforts, creating a comfortable and safe place for her puppies.
- Milk Production: The mammary glands will produce more milk, which may drip from the nipples.
- Temperature Drop: Her body temperature will drop further, reaching about 97-99°F (36.1-37.2°C).
- Contractions: The most definitive sign of active labor is regular contractions. These can be felt as firm pressure under the dog's ribcage and may cause her to strain or push. Contractions typically occur every 10 to 30 minutes initially, becoming more frequent and intense as labor progresses.
- Greenish Discharge: A greenish discharge from the vulva is a clear sign that labor has begun. This discharge helps to lubricate the birth canal.
- Puppy Movement: You may be able to see or feel puppies moving inside the bitch's abdomen as they prepare for delivery.
Post-Partum: The final stage of labor begins after the last puppy is delivered and continues until the placenta (afterbirth) is expelled. It is crucial to ensure that all placental material is passed, as retained placentas can lead to serious health issues for the bitch. After delivery, the bitch will focus on caring for her newborns, including cleaning them, stimulating their breathing, and encouraging nursing.
When to Seek Veterinary Care: While many dogs deliver their puppies without complications, it is essential to be prepared for potential emergencies. Contact your veterinarian immediately if you observe any of the following signs during labor:
- No progression after 30 minutes of strong contractions.
- More than four hours pass between puppy deliveries.
- The bitch seems excessively lethargic or weak.
- Any discharge from the vulva other than clear, greenish fluid or passed placentas.
- Signs of distress in the puppies, such as difficulty breathing or a lack of movement after birth.
By closely monitoring your dog during the pre-labor and active labor stages and being aware of potential complications, you can help ensure a safe and successful delivery for both the bitch and her puppies.