How to notice a dog's heat cycle? - briefly
The primary indicator of a dog's heat cycle is vaginal bleeding or discharge, typically lasting 1-3 weeks. Additional signs include increased urination, swollen vulva, and attracting male dogs with her scent.
How to notice a dog's heat cycle? - in detail
Recognizing a dog's heat cycle, also known as estrus, is crucial for responsible pet ownership and preventing unwanted litters. The heat cycle typically occurs every six months in intact female dogs, with the first heat usually beginning between six to eighteen months of age. Here are the detailed stages and signs to look out for:
Proestrus Stage: This initial phase can last anywhere from 2 to 14 days. During this time, you may observe:
- Swelling of the vulva, which may appear reddish or enlarged.
- A slight increase in urination frequency.
- Discharge of a clear, blood-tinged fluid from the vulva.
- Increased interest in male dogs but she will not allow mating.
Estrus Stage: The estrus stage is when the female dog is most receptive to mating and typically lasts between 3 to 14 days, with an average of 9 days. During this phase:
- The vulva remains swollen but may appear less red.
- The discharge becomes lighter in color and volume, often appearing watery or straw-colored.
- She will allow male dogs to mount her.
- Behavioral changes such as restlessness, increased affection towards humans, or clinginess may be observed.
Diestrus Stage: Following the estrus stage, the diestrus phase begins and can last about 60 days if the female is not pregnant. During this time:
- The vulva returns to its normal size.
- Any remaining discharge ceases.
- Behavioral changes subside as hormone levels decrease.
Anestrus Stage: The final stage, anestrus, marks the end of the heat cycle and can last from 100 to 150 days if the dog is not pregnant. During this period:
- The reproductive system returns to a state of rest and inactivity.
- No notable physical or behavioral changes occur.
It's important to note that individual cycles may vary, especially in younger dogs whose hormonal systems are still developing. Regular veterinary check-ups can help monitor your dog’s reproductive health and provide professional guidance on managing the heat cycle effectively.