How to properly whelp a dog? - briefly
Properly whelping a dog involves providing a quiet, comfortable space for the mother and her puppies. Ensure the area is clean and warm, with easy access to food and water.
How to properly whelp a dog? - in detail
Properly whelping a dog is a crucial process that requires careful planning, preparation, and attention to detail. Whelping refers to the act of giving birth, and it's essential to ensure the health and safety of both the mother (dam) and her puppies. Here’s a detailed guide on how to properly whelp a dog:
Firstly, recognize the signs of impending labor. As the due date approaches, monitor the dam for changes in behavior such as nesting instincts, restlessness, decreased appetite, and a drop in body temperature (usually by about 1-2 degrees Fahrenheit). Additionally, the dam's vulva may appear swollen or reddened.
Prepare a comfortable whelping box for the dam. This should be a quiet, secluded area where she can give birth undisturbed. The box should be large enough for the dam to move around freely but small enough to keep her puppies contained. Line the box with clean, dry towels or blankets to provide a soft surface and absorb any fluids.
Provide necessary supplies within reach. These include clean towels, gloves, scissors (with blunt ends), and dental floss or umbilical clamps. Ensure all items are sterile to prevent infections.
Stay with the dam during labor. Observe her closely for any signs of distress or complications. Normal labor consists of three stages: dilation, delivery, and expulsion of the placenta. The entire process can take several hours, so patience is key.
During dilation, the dam may pace, whine, or dig at the bedding. This stage can last up to 12-24 hours, but it's typically shorter for experienced mothers. Once contractions become strong and regular, the dam will start pushing out the puppies.
As each puppy is born, gently clear any mucus from its nose and mouth using a clean towel. If the puppy does not breathe on its own within 15-30 seconds, perform gentle stimulation by rubbing it with a towel or blowing air into its nostrils. Once the puppy starts breathing, place it near the dam's belly to encourage bonding and nursing.
After delivering each puppy, the dam should expel the placenta within 15-30 minutes. Count the number of placentas to ensure all have been delivered; if not, contact a veterinarian immediately as retained placentas can cause serious health issues.
Cut and tie the umbilical cord using clean scissors and dental floss or umbilical clamps. Ensure the cord is at least 2-3 inches long before tying it to prevent infection. Dip the tied cord in povidone-iodine or another approved antiseptic to further reduce the risk of infection.
Monitor the dam and puppies closely for the first few hours after birth. The dam should nurse her puppies regularly, which stimulates milk production and helps them gain weight. Ensure each puppy nurses within the first 24 hours to receive vital colostrum, which provides essential antibodies and nutrients.
If any complications arise during labor, such as prolonged contractions without a puppy being delivered, signs of pain or distress, or excessive bleeding, contact your veterinarian immediately for professional assistance.
By following these detailed steps, you can ensure a safe and successful whelping process for both the dam and her puppies.