How to recognize a dog's heat? - briefly
To recognize a dog's heat, observe for signs such as swollen vulva and increased urination. Additionally, you may notice changes in behavior like restlessness or attempting to escape, which are indicative of a dog being in heat.
How to recognize a dog's heat? - in detail
Recognizing when a female dog is in heat involves observing several physical and behavioral signs. The estrous cycle, which includes proestrus, estrus, and diestrus phases, typically occurs every six months for most breeds, although this can vary. Here's how to recognize each phase:
Proestrus Phase (Days 1-9)
The first stage of the heat cycle is characterized by subtle changes. The dog's body prepares for estrus, and owners might notice:
- Vaginal Discharge: A bloody or straw-colored discharge may appear. This is often mistaken as a sign of illness or injury, but it's normal during this phase.
- Swollen Vulva: The vulva becomes swollen and red due to increased blood flow.
- Increased Urination: Frequent urination occurs as the dog marks her territory more often.
- Behavioral Changes: Male dogs might show increased interest, but the female is not yet receptive to mating. She may act nervous or agitated.
Estrus Phase (Days 9-15)
This is the most critical stage for breeding, as the dog becomes receptive to males. Key indicators include:
- Clear Vaginal Discharge: The discharge changes from bloody to a clear or watery consistency.
- Attractiveness to Males: Male dogs are strongly attracted to the female in estrus and may try to mount her frequently.
- Behavioral Changes: The female dog allows males to approach and mount, often standing still with her tail to one side. She might also vocalize more.
Diestrus Phase (Days 15-70)
After the estrus phase, the body prepares for pregnancy or returns to a non-reproductive state. Signs during this period include:
- Cessation of Discharge: The vaginal discharge stops completely.
- Reduced Interest from Males: Male dogs lose interest as the female is no longer receptive.
- Behavioral Return to Normal: The female's behavior returns to its usual state, with reduced nervousness and vocalization.
Anestrus Phase (Days 70-120)
This is a non-reproductive phase where the body prepares for the next heat cycle. There are no visible signs during this period.
Recognizing these phases helps in planning breeding and preventing unwanted pregnancies. If you're uncertain, consulting a veterinarian can provide clarification and ensure proper health care for your dog throughout her heat cycles.