How were dogs called in ancient times? - briefly
In ancient times, dogs were often referred to as "canes" or "hounds," reflecting their varied roles and lineages. These terms underscored the versatility of canines in ancient societies, from companionship to hunting and guarding duties.
How were dogs called in ancient times? - in detail
In ancient times, dogs were referred to by various names that reflected their roles, physical characteristics, and cultural significance. The earliest known references to canines date back to around 4000 BCE, with the Sumerians using the term "KALA" or "UR", which translates to "dog". This term was often used in relation to hunting and guarding duties, highlighting the practical role dogs played in ancient societies.
The Egyptians, known for their reverence of animals, had a more complex terminology for dogs. They used terms like "Abuw" or "Iwiw", which were associated with jackals and other wild canines. These names often carried spiritual or divine connotations, reflecting the ancient Egyptian belief in the power and wisdom of these creatures. Dogs were also depicted in art and literature, serving as symbols of loyalty, protection, and guidance for the deceased on their journey through the afterlife.
In Greek culture, dogs were commonly referred to as "Kyon" (κύων), a term that encompassed various breeds and purposes. The Greeks recognized different types of dogs, such as hunting dogs ("Ichniad"), guard dogs ("Kynes"), and companion dogs ("Perkeios"). These names highlighted the versatility and importance of canines in Greek society, where they were valued for their companionship, utility, and symbolic meaning.
The Romans, who inherited much of Greek culture, also had a rich vocabulary for dogs. They used terms like "Canis" (canine) and "Lupus" (wolf), reflecting the Roman appreciation for both domestic and wild canines. Additionally, specific breeds were often named after their regions or functions, such as the "Molossian hound" from Epirus or the "Dalmatian" from Dalmatia. These names underscored the Romans' practical approach to dog breeding and their recognition of regional variations in canine characteristics.
In Norse and Germanic cultures, dogs were referred to by terms that emphasized their physical attributes and roles. The Old Norse term "Hundr" (hound) was commonly used, along with more specific names like "Ulfr" (wolf) or "Varg" (varghound), which indicated the dog's lineage or purpose. These names often carried connotations of strength, courage, and loyalty, reflecting the Norse people's respect for canines as valuable companions in both everyday life and mythological narratives.
Overall, the ancient terminology for dogs reveals a deep appreciation and understanding of these animals across various cultures. Whether used for practical purposes or imbued with spiritual significance, the names given to dogs in ancient times offer insight into their integral role in human history and society.