To whom is ivermectin prohibited for dogs? - briefly
Ivermectin is generally safe for dogs when used as directed by a veterinarian. However, it should not be given to pregnant or lactating dogs, puppies under 6 weeks old, or dogs with severe liver disease without consulting a veterinarian first.
To whom is ivermectin prohibited for dogs? - in detail
Ivermectin, a medication commonly used in veterinary medicine, is highly effective against various parasites in dogs. However, it is important to note that ivermectin should not be administered to all dogs indiscriminately. Certain groups of dogs are at risk for adverse reactions and should avoid this drug.
Firstly, ivermectin is contraindicated in dogs with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to the medication. Any prior adverse reaction to ivermectin should prompt caution and consultation with a veterinarian before re-administration.
Secondly, breeds that carry the MDR1 gene mutation are particularly sensitive to ivermectin. The MDR1 gene plays a crucial role in protecting the brain from toxic substances by pumping them out of the central nervous system. Dogs with this mutation have a reduced ability to excrete ivermectin, leading to potentially life-threatening neurological side effects such as tremors, seizures, and even coma. Breeds known to commonly carry this gene include Collies, Australian Shepherds, Shelties, Old English Sheepdogs, and Longhaired Whippets, among others. It is essential for owners of these breeds to consult with a veterinarian before administering ivermectin or any related drugs.
Additionally, ivermectin should be used cautiously in dogs with liver disease. The liver plays a significant role in metabolizing and excreting ivermectin from the body. In dogs with compromised liver function, ivermectin may accumulate to toxic levels, increasing the risk of adverse effects.
Pregnant or lactating dogs also require special consideration. While ivermectin is generally considered safe during pregnancy and lactation, it is always best to consult a veterinarian before administering any medication during these sensitive periods. The veterinarian can provide guidance tailored to the specific dog's health status and the stage of pregnancy or lactation.
Finally, ivermectin should not be given to puppies younger than six weeks old or weighing less than 15 pounds (7 kilograms), unless specifically directed by a veterinarian. Young puppies have immature detoxification systems and may be more susceptible to the side effects of ivermectin.
In summary, while ivermectin is a valuable tool in parasite control for dogs, it should be used with caution in specific populations. Dogs with known allergies, breeds sensitive to MDR1 gene mutations, those with liver disease, pregnant or lactating dogs, and young puppies require careful consideration before administration of this medication. Always consult a veterinarian for advice tailored to the individual dog's needs and health status.