What antiallergic drugs can be given to a dog? - briefly
For treating allergies in dogs, veterinarians often prescribe antihistamines such as diphenhydramine or cetirizine. In addition, corticosteroids like prednisone may be used for severe cases, but they should be administered under veterinary supervision due to potential side effects.
What antiallergic drugs can be given to a dog? - in detail
Antiallergic drugs for dogs are designed to alleviate symptoms of allergies, which can manifest as itching, redness, hives, or swelling. The choice of medication depends on the type and severity of the allergy. Here are some commonly used antiallergic drugs in veterinary medicine:
-
Antihistamines: These are often the first line of treatment for allergies in dogs. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, thereby reducing symptoms such as itching and inflammation. Commonly prescribed antihistamines include:
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): This is one of the most frequently used antihistamines in dogs. It's effective for mild to moderate allergic reactions and can be administered orally.
- Clemastine fumarate (Tavist): Similar to diphenhydramine, clemastine is used to treat various allergic conditions in dogs. It has a longer duration of action compared to Benadryl.
- Fexofenadine (Allegra): This non-drowsy antihistamine is safe for dogs and can be given daily to manage chronic allergies.
-
Corticosteroids: For more severe or persistent allergies, corticosteroids may be prescribed. These drugs have potent anti-inflammatory properties but should be used with caution due to potential side effects such as increased thirst and urination, and in some cases, immunosuppression. Commonly used corticosteroids include:
- Prednisone: This is a commonly prescribed steroid for allergies in dogs. It's effective but should be tapered off gradually to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
- Dexamethasone: This is a potent steroid often used for acute allergic reactions. However, it should be administered under veterinary supervision due to its strong effects.
-
Immunosuppressants: In cases of severe or chronic allergies that do not respond to antihistamines or corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs may be used. These work by modulating the immune system to reduce allergic reactions. Examples include:
- Cyclosporine (Atopica): This drug is sometimes prescribed for dogs with severe allergies that do not respond to other treatments. It requires regular blood tests to monitor its effects.
-
Omalizumab (Xolair): This is a monoclonal antibody used in some cases of canine atopy (allergic skin disease). It works by targeting and neutralizing IgE, the antibody involved in allergic reactions. However, it's relatively new in veterinary medicine and may not be readily available or affordable for all pet owners.
-
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT): Also known as allergy shots, ASIT involves administering small amounts of the specific allergens that trigger reactions in a dog. This helps desensitize the immune system over time. It's a long-term treatment and should be performed under veterinary guidance.
When administering any antiallergic drug to your dog, it's crucial to follow your veterinarian's instructions carefully. Some medications can have side effects or interact with other drugs, so regular check-ups are essential. Additionally, addressing the root cause of allergies, such as avoiding specific triggers or treating underlying conditions, is also important for long-term management.