What are mammary glands in dogs? - briefly
Mammary glands in dogs, also known as teats or nipples, are specialized structures located on the underside of the dog's abdomen and chest area. These glands produce milk for nursing puppies after birth.
What are mammary glands in dogs? - in detail
Mammary glands in dogs, also known as mammae or teats, are specialized structures designed to produce milk for nursing puppies. These glands are present in both male and female dogs, although they are typically more prominent and functional in females.
In female dogs, the mammary glands develop during pregnancy under the influence of hormones such as progesterone and prolactin. As the pregnancy progresses, these glands prepare for lactation by increasing in size and producing colostrum, a pre-milk substance rich in antibodies that provides essential immunity to newborn puppies. After birth, the mammary glands continue to produce milk in response to suckling stimuli, which triggers the release of oxytocin, a hormone that facilitates milk letdown.
The number and arrangement of mammary glands can vary among different breeds of dogs. Generally, there are five pairs of mammary glands located along the ventral midline of the dog's body, extending from the chest to the groin area. Each pair consists of two glands, one on each side of the midline. Some breeds may have additional or fewer glands, and the exact number can also be influenced by genetic factors and hormonal levels.
In male dogs, mammary glands are present but remain undeveloped due to the absence of the same hormonal stimulation experienced during pregnancy in females. However, certain medical conditions or hormonal imbalances can lead to the development of mammary tissue in male dogs, a condition known as gynecomastia.
Regular examination of the mammary glands is essential for maintaining canine health. Early detection of any abnormalities, such as lumps, swellings, or discharge, can be crucial in diagnosing and treating conditions like mammary tumors or mastitis (infection of the mammary gland). Regular veterinary check-ups and prompt attention to any changes in the mammary glands are important for ensuring the overall well-being of dogs.