What are segmented neutrophils in dogs? - briefly
Segmented neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), are a type of white blood cell found in dogs that play a crucial role in the immune system's response to infection and inflammation. They are characterized by their segmented nuclei and are typically the first responders to sites of infection or tissue damage.
What are segmented neutrophils in dogs? - in detail
Segmented neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) or segs, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system of dogs. They are characterized by their lobulated nuclei, which give them their distinctive segmented appearance under a microscope. Segmented neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell, making up approximately 50-70% of the total white blood cell count in healthy dogs.
The primary function of segmented neutrophils is to protect the body from infection and inflammation by phagocytizing (engulfing) and destroying invading microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are equipped with a variety of antimicrobial substances, including reactive oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides, which enable them to effectively combat infections.
Segmented neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream when they reach maturity. They have a relatively short lifespan, typically lasting only 4-6 hours before they undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). This rapid turnover allows for a constant supply of new segmented neutrophils to combat infections as needed.
In dogs, the number of segmented neutrophils in the blood can provide valuable information about the animal's health status. An increase in the number of segmented neutrophils (neutrophilia) may indicate an active infection or inflammation, while a decrease (neutropenia) could suggest an underlying disease such as immune-mediated disorders, bone marrow dysfunction, or certain types of cancer.
Regular monitoring of the white blood cell count, including segmented neutrophils, is essential for early detection and effective management of various health conditions in dogs. Veterinarians may order a complete blood count (CBC) as part of a routine check-up or when evaluating a dog with signs of illness to assess the status of the immune system and identify any potential issues.