What are the medicines for demodectic mange in dogs? - briefly
The most commonly prescribed medications for demodectic mange in dogs include ivermectin and milbemycin oxime. These antiparasitic drugs effectively target the Demodex mites, helping to resolve the skin condition.
What are the medicines for demodectic mange in dogs? - in detail
Demodectic mange, also known as demodicosis or red mange, is a skin condition in dogs caused by mites called Demodex canis. These mites are normally present on the dog's skin in small numbers but can proliferate and cause issues if the dog's immune system is compromised. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications to address both the mite infestation and any underlying immune dysfunction. Here are some of the most commonly used medicines for treating demodectic mange in dogs:
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Amitraz: Amitraz is a topical treatment often applied as a dip or spray. It works by paralyzing and killing mites. Amitraz is effective against both Demodex canis and Sarcoptes scabiei mites. However, it should be used with caution as it can cause side effects such as sedation, hypothermia, and in some cases, toxicity if not properly diluted or applied.
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Ivermectin: Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication that is highly effective against Demodex mites. It can be administered orally, topically, or by injection. While ivermectin is generally safe for use in dogs, some breeds like Collies and Australian Shepherds are more sensitive to it due to a genetic mutation affecting their blood-brain barrier. Always consult with a veterinarian before using ivermectin to ensure the correct dosage and safety.
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Doramectin: Doramectin is another macrocyclic lactone, similar to ivermectin, that can be used for treating demodectic mange. It is often administered by injection or as a topical solution. Doramectin has a broader spectrum of activity and is sometimes preferred in cases where other parasites may also be present.
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Milbemycin Oxime: This medication is typically used to treat heartworm disease but can also be effective against Demodex mites. Milbemycin oxime is available as an oral tablet or chewable and is often prescribed in combination with other medications for a comprehensive treatment approach.
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Bravecto (Fluralaner): Bravecto is a newer medication that offers a long-lasting, systemic effect against mites. It is administered as a single oral dose or topical solution and can provide protection against Demodex and other parasites for up to 12 weeks.
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Immunomodulators: In cases where the demodectic mange is due to an underlying immune system dysfunction, immunomodulatory drugs may be prescribed. Medications such as ciclosporin or prednisone can help regulate the immune response and reduce mite proliferation. These should only be used under veterinary supervision.
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Antibiotics: Secondary bacterial infections are common in dogs with demodectic mange, so antibiotics may also be prescribed to treat these infections. Commonly used antibiotics include doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and cephalexin.
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Shampoos and Dips: Medicated shampoos and dips containing benzoyl peroxide or chlorhexidine can be used to reduce the mite population on the skin and help control secondary infections. These are often used in conjunction with other treatments.
It is crucial to note that the treatment of demodectic mange should always be carried out under veterinary supervision. The choice of medication depends on various factors including the severity of the infestation, the dog's age and breed, and any underlying health conditions. Regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and make adjustments as needed.