What are the symptoms of rabies in humans after a bite from a rabid dog? - briefly
Rabies in humans can manifest with initial symptoms such as fever and headache, progressing to more severe signs like insomnia, anxiety, confusion, slight or partial paralysis, excitation, hallucinations, agitation, hypersalivation (increased saliva), difficulty swallowing, and hydrophobia (fear of water). As the disease advances, patients may experience delirium, abnormal behavior, and coma.
What are the symptoms of rabies in humans after a bite from a rabid dog? - in detail
Rabies, a viral disease transmitted by animals, primarily through bites, is almost always fatal once symptoms appear. In humans, the initial symptoms of rabies can be nonspecific and may include fever, headache, and general malaise. However, as the virus progresses, more distinctive and alarming signs emerge.
One of the earliest and most recognizable symptoms is a change in behavior or personality. Individuals may become agitated, anxious, or confused. This can be accompanied by insomnia, which is often reported by patients and their families. The progressive nature of rabies means that these early symptoms can escalate rapidly.
A hallmark symptom of rabies in humans is hydrophobia, an intense fear of water. This is due to the difficulty and pain experienced when trying to swallow, a condition known as dysphagia. Attempts to drink water can trigger violent muscle spasms in the throat and other muscles, causing severe distress.
Another characteristic symptom is aerophobia, or fear of drafts or fresh air. This symptom is less well-known but is related to the irritation caused by the virus in the respiratory system. Patients may experience difficulty breathing or a sensation of choking.
Neurological symptoms are also prominent. These can include numbness, tingling sensations, and paralysis, which typically begin at the site of the bite and spread to other parts of the body. Seizures and hallucinations may also occur as the virus attacks the central nervous system.
In the later stages of rabies, patients often experience excruciating pain and discomfort, leading to a state of delirium and agitation. Eventually, the disease progresses to coma and death, usually within days of the onset of symptoms.
Given the severe nature of rabies and its near 100% fatality rate once symptoms appear, prompt medical attention after a suspected animal bite is crucial. Post-exposure prophylaxis, including vaccination and, in some cases, administration of rabies immunoglobulin, can prevent the development of the disease if given early enough. However, once clinical signs manifest, treatment options are extremely limited, underscoring the importance of immediate and thorough medical intervention following a bite from a potentially rabid animal.