What blood tests do they perform on dogs for rabies? - briefly
To diagnose rabies in dogs, veterinarians typically perform a rapid immunodiagnostic test (RIDT) or a direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA). These tests detect the presence of the rabies virus antigen in brain tissue samples taken post-mortem from suspected cases.
What blood tests do they perform on dogs for rabies? - in detail
When it comes to diagnosing rabies in dogs, blood tests play a crucial role in confirming or ruling out the presence of the virus. The most commonly performed blood tests include:
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Rapid Immunochromatographic Test (ICT): This test is often used as an initial screening tool due to its simplicity and quick results. It detects rabies-specific antibodies in the blood within 15-20 minutes, providing a preliminary indication of potential exposure to the virus.
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Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT): Considered the gold standard for diagnosing rabies, FAT is highly sensitive and specific. It involves staining brain tissue samples with fluorescent antibodies to detect the rabies virus antigen. Although primarily used on brain tissue post-mortem, it can also be applied to blood samples in specialized laboratories.
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Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR): This advanced molecular test is used to amplify and detect the genetic material of the rabies virus. It offers high sensitivity and specificity, making it suitable for confirming a suspected case of rabies in both living and deceased animals.
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): ELISA is another highly sensitive test that can detect rabies virus antigen or antibodies in blood samples. It is often used to confirm the presence of the virus, particularly when other tests are inconclusive.
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Viral Isolation: Although less commonly used due to its complexity and time requirements, viral isolation involves culturing the blood sample to grow the rabies virus in a laboratory setting. This test provides definitive proof of infection but can take several days to yield results.
These blood tests are essential components of a comprehensive diagnostic approach to rabies in dogs. They help veterinarians make informed decisions about treatment, quarantine, and public health measures to prevent the spread of this fatal disease.