What does heat look like in small dogs? - briefly
Heat in small dogs typically manifests as restlessness, excessive thirst, and frequent urination. The vulva may appear swollen or have a slight discharge.
What does heat look like in small dogs? - in detail
Heat in small dogs, known as estrus, is a natural reproductive process that occurs when female dogs are ready for mating. This cycle typically begins between six and twelve months of age, although it can vary depending on the breed and individual development. The heat cycle in small dogs generally lasts about three weeks, but this can also differ based on factors such as size, breed, and overall health.
During the first phase of the heat cycle, known as proestrus, owners may observe some subtle changes in their dog's behavior and appearance. This stage usually lasts between seven to ten days. During proestrus, the dog will experience a swelling of the vulva, which can be slightly enlarged or red. Owners might also notice a bloody discharge, although it may not always be visible. The dog may exhibit changes in behavior such as increased urination, restlessness, and an increase in male dogs' interest in her.
The second phase of the heat cycle is called estrus, which typically lasts about nine days. This is the most fertile period for the dog, during which ovulation occurs. During this stage, the vulva remains swollen but may appear less red than during proestrus. The bloody discharge will also become lighter and more watery. The dog's behavior may change again, becoming more receptive to male dogs and exhibiting a distinctive "flagging" behavior—lifting the tail to one side while standing still or moving slowly.
The final phase of the heat cycle is known as diestrus, which can last from 60 to 90 days. During this time, the dog's reproductive system returns to a state of inactivity. The vulva will return to its normal size, and any discharge should cease. The behavioral changes observed during proestrus and estrus typically resolve during diestrus.
It is essential for owners of small dogs to be aware of the signs of heat, as it can impact their dog's health and behavior. Regular veterinary check-ups and proper care can help ensure a healthy reproductive cycle and prevent unwanted pregnancies.