What does it mean if a dog's AST level is elevated? - briefly
An elevated AST (aspartate aminotransferase) level in a dog can indicate liver damage or disease, as this enzyme is primarily found in liver cells. However, it may also suggest muscle damage, as AST is present in smaller amounts in muscle tissue. Further diagnostic tests are necessary to determine the exact cause.
What does it mean if a dog's AST level is elevated? - in detail
Elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in dogs can indicate several underlying conditions, primarily related to liver and muscle tissue damage or disease. AST is an enzyme found predominantly in liver cells, heart muscles, and skeletal muscles, and its presence in the bloodstream signifies cellular injury or death. When cells are damaged, AST leaks into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels that can be detected through standard blood tests.
In dogs, high AST levels often suggest hepatic (liver) issues such as liver disease, inflammation, or toxicity. Hepatocellular damage, which is injury to the liver cells themselves, commonly results in increased AST levels. Conditions like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and certain liver cancers can all cause elevated AST. Additionally, liver toxicity due to ingestion of poisonous substances or medications can also lead to higher AST levels.
Muscle damage is another common cause of elevated AST in dogs. This can occur from various conditions including trauma, muscle inflammation (myositis), and muscle diseases such as polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Intense exercise or physical exertion can also temporarily increase AST levels due to minor muscle injury.
While elevated AST typically points towards liver or muscle issues, it is essential to consider the overall clinical context, including other lab results and the dog's symptoms. For instance, if alanine aminotransferase (ALT), another liver enzyme, is also elevated, it supports a diagnosis of hepatic disease. If creatine kinase (CK) levels are high alongside AST, muscle damage may be more likely.
Veterinarians often perform additional tests to confirm the source of the elevation, such as ultrasounds or liver function tests. Proper diagnosis allows for targeted treatment and management of the underlying condition. In some cases, monitoring AST levels over time can help track the progression of disease or the effectiveness of treatment.
In summary, an elevated AST level in a dog suggests possible hepatic or muscular issues, necessitating further investigation to determine the exact cause and implement appropriate care.