What dose of paracetamol is fatal for dogs? - briefly
The lethal dose of paracetamol for dogs is typically around 100-200 mg/kg. Immediate veterinary care is essential if a dog ingests this substance, as it can cause severe liver damage and even death.
What dose of paracetamol is fatal for dogs? - in detail
Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a commonly used over-the-counter medication for relieving pain and reducing fever in humans. However, it is highly toxic to dogs even at relatively low doses. The lethal dose of paracetamol for dogs can vary depending on several factors such as the dog's size, age, and overall health condition. Nevertheless, it is crucial to understand that any ingestion of paracetamol by a dog should be considered an emergency, requiring immediate veterinary attention.
The primary toxicity of paracetamol in dogs arises from its metabolism in the liver, where it produces a highly reactive and toxic intermediate called N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). In dogs, this compound is not efficiently detoxified by glutathione, leading to severe hepatotoxicity. The onset of clinical signs typically occurs within 12 to 24 hours after ingestion and may include lethargy, inappetence, vomiting, abdominal pain, icterus (yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes), and in severe cases, liver failure.
The toxic dose of paracetamol for dogs is generally considered to be 50-100 mg/kg. This means that a dog weighing 20 kg would experience toxic effects from ingesting between 1,000 to 2,000 mg of paracetamol. However, it is important to note that even smaller doses can cause significant harm, and the threshold for toxicity may be lower in certain breeds or individual dogs with pre-existing liver conditions.
If a dog ingests paracetamol, prompt veterinary intervention is essential. Initial treatment often involves inducing vomiting to prevent further absorption of the drug, followed by administering N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which acts as an antidote by replenishing glutathione stores and aiding in the detoxification of NAPQI. Intravenous fluids may also be given to support kidney function and maintain hydration. Early detection and treatment are crucial for minimizing liver damage and improving the chances of recovery.
In summary, the dose of paracetamol that is fatal for dogs can vary based on individual factors, but any ingestion should be treated as a medical emergency. Immediate veterinary care is essential to mitigate the severe toxic effects of this commonly used human medication.