What happens if a dog catches a cold in the kidneys? - briefly
If a dog develops a cold that affects its kidneys, it may experience symptoms such as decreased appetite, lethargy, and changes in urination frequency or volume. In severe cases, this can lead to acute renal failure if left untreated.
What happens if a dog catches a cold in the kidneys? - in detail
When a dog contracts a cold that affects the kidneys, it can lead to a condition known as pyelonephritis. This is an infection of the kidney parenchyma, which includes the renal pelvis and the calyces, caused by bacteria that ascend from the lower urinary tract. The most common bacterial pathogens involved in canine pyelonephritis are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The infection typically starts in the bladder or urethra and then spreads to the kidneys through the urinary tract. This ascent of bacteria can be facilitated by various factors such as urine stasis, obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, and compromised immune function. Once the bacteria reach the kidneys, they can cause significant damage to the renal tissue, leading to inflammation, abscess formation, and potential scarring.
The clinical signs of pyelonephritis in dogs are often nonspecific and can include lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, polyuria (increased urine volume), polydipsia (increased thirst), hematuria (blood in the urine), and dysuria (painful urination). In severe cases, the infection can lead to systemic signs such as fever, sepsis, and even death if left untreated.
Diagnosis of pyelonephritis involves a combination of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. A complete blood count (CBC) may reveal an elevated white blood cell count indicative of infection or inflammation. Urinalysis can show signs of active urinary tract infection, including the presence of leukocytes, bacteria, and protein in the urine. Imaging techniques such as radiography, ultrasonography, or scintigraphy may reveal structural abnormalities, obstructions, or areas of reduced renal function.
Treatment of pyelonephritis typically involves a course of antibiotics tailored to the specific bacterial pathogen identified in the urine culture. Antibiotic therapy should be continued for at least four to six weeks to ensure complete eradication of the infection. Supportive care may include fluid therapy, analgesics for pain management, and dietary adjustments to promote urinary tract health. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to address underlying issues such as urinary tract obstructions or congenital abnormalities.
Preventing pyelonephritis in dogs involves maintaining good urinary tract hygiene, ensuring adequate water intake, and promptly addressing any signs of lower urinary tract disease. Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect and manage underlying conditions that may predispose a dog to kidney infections.