What is a corpus luteum in dogs? - briefly
The corpus luteum in dogs is a temporary endocrine structure that forms from the remnants of an ovarian follicle after ovulation. It produces progesterone, which is crucial for maintaining pregnancy and preparing the uterus for potential implantation of fertilized eggs.
What is a corpus luteum in dogs? - in detail
The corpus luteum in dogs, also known as the yellow body, is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary following ovulation. It plays a critical role in the dog's reproductive cycle by producing progesterone, a hormone essential for maintaining pregnancy.
After the follicle releases an oocyte during ovulation, the remnants of the follicle undergo significant changes to form the corpus luteum. This transformation involves the migration and differentiation of granulosa cells into large, luteinized cells that secrete progesterone. The corpus luteum continues to grow and increase in size until it reaches its maximal diameter, which is typically around 3-4 weeks post-ovulation in dogs.
The primary function of the corpus luteum is to produce progesterone, a steroid hormone that prepares the uterus for potential implantation and supports pregnancy. Progesterone helps to thicken the uterine lining (endometrium) and increases blood flow to the reproductive tract. If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum persists and continues to secrete progesterone throughout pregnancy to maintain the pregnancy.
In cases where fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will regress or undergo luteolysis, leading to a decrease in progesterone levels. This decline in progesterone triggers menstruation in many species, but in dogs, it results in the beginning of a new estrous cycle. The reduction in progesterone stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), initiating the growth of new follicles in the ovary and preparing for the next ovulation.
In summary, the corpus luteum in dogs is a vital structure that facilitates reproduction by producing progesterone. Its formation, function, and regression are intricately linked to the dog's reproductive cycle, ensuring proper preparation for potential pregnancy and maintaining the overall health of the reproductive system.