What is dog hair made of? - briefly
Dog hair is primarily composed of keratin, which is a type of protein also found in human nails and skin. Additionally, it contains other proteins, lipids, and water, giving it its unique structure and properties.
What is dog hair made of? - in detail
Dog hair, also known as fur, is a complex structure composed primarily of keratin, a type of protein that is also found in human nails and hair. Keratin provides strength and flexibility to the hair, enabling it to withstand daily wear and tear. The structure of dog hair can be broken down into three main layers: the cuticle, the cortex, and the medulla.
The cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair shaft, consisting of overlapping scales made of keratin. This layer serves as a protective barrier, shielding the inner layers from environmental damage such as UV light, dirt, and moisture. The cuticle also contributes to the overall texture and appearance of the fur, affecting how it feels and looks to the touch.
Beneath the cuticle lies the cortex, which is the thickest layer of the hair shaft and makes up the majority of its volume. The cortex is responsible for determining the color of the dog's fur through melanin, a pigment that comes in two forms: eumelanin (black and brown) and pheomelanin (red and yellow). The arrangement and distribution of these melanins within the cortex dictate the final shade of the hair. Additionally, the cortex provides the hair with its elasticity and resilience, allowing it to bend and return to its original shape without breaking.
The innermost layer of the hair shaft is called the medulla, which is not always present in all dog hairs but is found more frequently in coarse or thick furs. The medulla consists of loosely arranged keratin fibers that help insulate the hair and provide additional structural support. Its presence can also influence the color of the fur, as it may absorb or reflect light differently compared to the cortex alone.
In addition to these structural components, dog hair is surrounded by a thin film of oil secreted by sebaceous glands in the skin. This oil helps to keep the fur waterproof and maintains its natural shine and luster. The combination of keratin, melanin, and sebum creates a versatile and adaptable covering that not only protects dogs from various environmental factors but also plays a crucial role in their sensory perception and communication with other animals.