What is DVS in dogs? - briefly
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart condition in dogs characterized by an enlarged left ventricle and decreased heart function. It's often seen in large breeds like Dobermans, Great Danes, and Irish Wolfhounds.
What is DVS in dogs? - in detail
Degenerative Valve Disease (DVS) in dogs, also known as degenerative valvular disease or mitral valve disease, is a progressive condition that affects the heart valves, most commonly the mitral valve. This valve is responsible for regulating blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart. In dogs with DVS, the mitral valve becomes thickened, distorted, and sometimes calcified over time, leading to leakage and backflow of blood into the left atrium.
The onset of DVS is typically insidious, often going undetected in its early stages. As the condition progresses, the heart must work harder to maintain adequate blood flow throughout the body. This increased workload can lead to enlargement of the heart chambers and, eventually, congestive heart failure (CHF). Symptoms of DVS may include lethargy, exercise intolerance, coughing, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, fainting or sudden death.
Dogs of all breeds can develop DVS, but certain breeds are more predisposed to the condition, such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Dachshunds, and small-breed dogs in general. The underlying cause of DVS remains largely unknown, although it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic factors, aging processes, and possibly environmental factors.
Diagnosis of DVS typically involves a thorough physical examination, auscultation (listening to the heart with a stethoscope), and diagnostic imaging such as radiography or echocardiography. These tests can help identify characteristic changes in the heart, including enlargement of the left atrium and ventricle, and the presence of a heart murmur.
Treatment for DVS focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. Medications are commonly prescribed to support heart function, reduce fluid buildup, control arrhythmias, and manage any underlying conditions such as hypertension or kidney disease. Regular follow-ups with a veterinarian are essential to monitor the dog's condition and adjust treatment plans as needed.
While there is no cure for DVS, early detection and appropriate management can significantly improve the quality of life and extend the lifespan of affected dogs. Pet owners should be vigilant about any changes in their dog's behavior or physical health and consult with a veterinarian promptly if concerns arise.