What is FHE in dogs? - briefly
FHE (Fanconi syndrome) in dogs is a rare inherited disorder characterized by defective reabsorption of substances such as glucose, amino acids, and bicarbonate from the kidneys into the bloodstream, leading to increased urine output and related health issues. This condition primarily affects Basenji breeds but can also occur in other dog breeds.
What is FHE in dogs? - in detail
Fully Homozygous Excess (FHE) is a genetic concept that has significant implications for dog breeding and health. To understand FHE, it's crucial to delve into the basics of genetics and how they apply to dogs.
Every dog inherits two copies of each gene, one from each parent. These genes can be identical (homozygous) or different (heterozygous). In a population of dogs, some level of heterozygosity is expected because it introduces genetic diversity, which is vital for the species' resilience and adaptability. However, excessive homozygosity can lead to issues like inbreeding depression, where individuals become less fit due to the accumulation of deleterious recessive alleles.
FHE measures the degree to which a population deviates from expected heterozygosity levels. When FHE is high, it indicates that there is more homozygosity than would be expected by chance alone. This can occur due to several factors:
- Inbreeding: When related dogs are bred together, they pass on identical copies of genes to their offspring, increasing homozygosity.
- Small Population Size: In small populations, genetic drift can lead to an increase in homozygosity over time.
- Selective Breeding: Focusing on specific traits for breeding can reduce genetic diversity, leading to higher levels of homozygosity.
High FHE values are concerning because they suggest a lack of genetic diversity, which can have serious health implications. Dogs with high FHE may be more prone to inherited disorders, reduced fertility, and compromised immune systems. Additionally, it can limit the population's ability to adapt to future challenges, such as changes in environment or the emergence of new diseases.
For breeders and veterinarians, understanding FHE is essential for promoting the health and longevity of their dogs. Tools like genetic testing and careful selection of mating pairs can help manage homozygosity levels and maintain a healthy balance of genetic diversity within a population. By being aware of FHE and its implications, dog lovers can contribute to the long-term welfare and sustainability of their beloved companions.