What is it called so that the dog does not bite itself? - briefly
The mechanism by which a dog avoids biting itself is known as "proprioception." This sensory system allows the dog to perceive the position and movement of its own body parts in relation to each other, thereby preventing self-inflicted injury.
What is it called so that the dog does not bite itself? - in detail
The phenomenon you are referring to, where a dog avoids biting its own tail, is known as "self-recognition" and "proprioception."
Self-recognition in dogs, while less pronounced than in humans or some primates, is nevertheless present. Dogs can recognize their own reflection or scent, understanding that it belongs to them. This recognition helps prevent self-directed aggression, including biting their own tail.
Proprioception, another crucial factor, is the dog's ability to sense its body position and movements in space without visual input. This sense allows dogs to navigate their environment effectively and avoid harmful actions like biting their tail. Proprioceptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints send signals to the brain about the body's position and movement, helping maintain balance and coordination.
Moreover, dogs have a natural instinct to preserve their well-being, which includes avoiding harm to themselves. This innate understanding, combined with learned behaviors through experiences and training, contributes significantly to preventing self-biting incidents.
In summary, the combination of self-recognition, proprioception, and an inherent drive to avoid self-harm is what enables a dog to refrain from biting its own tail.