What is KFK in dogs? - briefly
KFK, or canine distemper virus (CDV), is a highly contagious disease that primarily affects dogs and their close relatives such as foxes and wolves. It is caused by a paramyxovirus and is known for its severe impact on the respiratory and nervous systems, often leading to fatal outcomes if left untreated.
What is KFK in dogs? - in detail
KFK, or Canine Filaroidosis, is a parasitic disease affecting dogs and other canids. It is caused by the nematode Dirofilaria immitis, commonly known as the heartworm. The life cycle of this parasite involves several stages and multiple hosts, including mosquitoes. Here's an in-depth look at KFK in dogs:
The disease begins when a female mosquito carrying infective larvae (microfilaria) bites a dog. The larvae are deposited into the dog's bloodstream, where they develop into immature worms over several months. These worms migrate to the heart and pulmonary arteries, maturing into adults that can grow up to 12 inches long. Female heartworms release microfilaria into the dog's bloodstream, continuing the cycle when another mosquito bites the infected dog.
Symptoms of KFK in dogs may not appear until the disease is advanced. Common signs include a persistent cough, reluctance to exercise, fatigue after moderate activity, decreased appetite, and weight loss. In severe cases, dogs may experience heart failure or a sudden blockage of blood flow through the heart, which can be fatal.
Diagnosing KFK typically involves a combination of methods. A physical examination, chest X-rays, and blood tests for specific antibodies or microfilaria can help confirm the presence of heartworms. In some cases, an ultrasound may be used to visualize the worms directly.
Treatment for KFK is available but can be complex and costly. The goal is to eliminate adult worms and prevent further infection. Medications such as melarsomine dihydrochloride are often administered, typically requiring multiple injections over several months. During treatment, dogs must be kept quiet to minimize the risk of worm fragments blocking blood vessels.
Prevention is key in managing KFK. Monthly preventive medications, available as chewables or topicals, can kill microfilaria and immature worms, breaking the life cycle of the parasite. Additionally, controlling mosquito populations around the dog's environment can help reduce the risk of infection. Regular testing and preventive care are essential for maintaining a dog's health and protecting against this serious disease.