What is MDR1 in dogs? - briefly
MDR1 (Multi-Drug Resistance 1) is a gene mutation found in certain breeds of dogs that affects their ability to metabolize medications, particularly those containing ivermectin and other drugs in the macrolide family. Dogs with the MDR1 mutation are at risk for adverse reactions to these drugs, which can range from mild neurological symptoms to severe toxicity.
What is MDR1 in dogs? - in detail
The MDR1 gene, also known as the multi-drug resistance 1 gene, plays a critical role in the health and wellbeing of dogs. This gene encodes for a protein called P-glycoprotein, which functions as an efflux pump within cells. Efflux pumps help to transport various substances out of cells, including many commonly used drugs such as ivermectin, doxorubicin, and vincristine. In dogs, the MDR1 gene is located on chromosome 37.
The significance of the MDR1 gene lies in its impact on drug sensitivity. Certain breeds of dogs, including Collies, Australian Shepherds, and Long-Haired Whippets, are known to have a mutation in the MDR1 gene that affects the functionality of the P-glycoprotein. This mutation is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that both copies of the gene must carry the mutation for the dog to be affected.
Dogs with the MDR1 mutation have a reduced ability to pump certain drugs out of their brain and other sensitive tissues. As a result, these dogs may experience severe adverse reactions or even death when exposed to drugs that are normally safe for other dogs. For example, ivermectin, which is commonly used to treat parasitic infections, can be highly toxic to dogs with the MDR1 mutation.
It is essential for dog owners and veterinary professionals to be aware of the MDR1 gene and its potential impact on drug sensitivity. Genetic testing is available to determine whether a dog carries the MDR1 mutation. If a dog is found to have the mutation, it is crucial to consult with a veterinarian before administering any medications to ensure that safe alternatives are used.
In summary, the MDR1 gene in dogs encodes for a protein that helps to transport drugs out of cells. A mutation in this gene can lead to increased sensitivity to certain medications, potentially resulting in severe adverse reactions. Knowledge of the MDR1 gene and its implications is vital for ensuring the safe and effective treatment of dogs.