What is pannus in dogs? - briefly
Pannus in dogs is an ocular condition characterized by the growth of fibrovascular tissue over the cornea, typically affecting the outer third of the eye. It can lead to significant vision loss if not treated promptly.
What is pannus in dogs? - in detail
Pannus, also known as chronic superficial keratitis (CSK), is an ocular condition commonly affecting dogs, particularly certain breeds such as German Shepherds, Siberian Huskies, and Samoyeds. This condition is characterized by the growth of a thin, gray-pink tissue over the surface of the eye, specifically on the cornea, which is the clear outer layer that covers the iris and pupil. The exact cause of pannus in dogs remains unknown, but it is believed to be associated with a combination of factors including genetics, environmental exposures, and immune system dysfunction.
The development of pannus usually begins with a slight discoloration or clouding of the cornea, which may progress to a more pronounced growth of the tissue. If left untreated, this condition can lead to significant vision impairment or even blindness. The underlying mechanisms involve an inflammatory response in the cornea, where certain immune cells and proteins are activated, resulting in the formation of new blood vessels and fibrous tissue that obstructs light from entering the eye properly.
Diagnosing pannus typically involves a thorough examination by a veterinary ophthalmologist who will assess the extent and severity of the condition. Treatment options vary depending on the stage and progression of the disease but often include topical medications such as cyclosporine or tacrolimus, which help to suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation in the cornea. Additionally, certain immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed for more advanced cases. In some instances, surgical intervention might be necessary to remove excessive tissue growth if medical treatments are not effective.
Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial in managing pannus, as early detection and prompt treatment can significantly improve the prognosis and prevent further vision loss. Owners of breeds predisposed to this condition should be vigilant for any signs of corneal changes and consult with a veterinarian if concerns arise. With proper care and medical intervention, many dogs can maintain good visual function despite being diagnosed with pannus.