What is the name of the heartworm disease in dogs? - briefly
The name of the heartworm disease in dogs is Dirofilariasis. This condition is caused by the parasite Dirofilaria immitis, which infects the heart and pulmonary arteries of dogs.
What is the name of the heartworm disease in dogs? - in detail
Heartworm disease, scientifically known as dirofilariasis, is a severe and potentially fatal condition that affects dogs worldwide. This disease is caused by the parasitic worm Dirofilaria immitis, commonly referred to as heartworms. The life cycle of these parasites involves mosquitoes as intermediate hosts, which transmit immature heartworm larvae (microfilariae) through their bites. Once inside a dog's body, the larvae develop into adult worms, typically residing in the pulmonary arteries and occasionally in the right ventricle of the heart.
The clinical manifestations of heartworm disease in dogs are multifaceted and depend on the severity and duration of the infection. In its early stages, the disease may be asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms such as a cough, lethargy, and reduced appetite. As the infection progresses, more severe signs emerge, including difficulty breathing, exercise intolerance, weight loss, and in advanced cases, heart failure and even sudden death.
Diagnosing heartworm disease involves several methods, with blood tests being the most common. These tests detect the presence of antigens released by adult female heartworms or microfilariae in the dog's bloodstream. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis. The American Heartworm Society recommends annual testing for all dogs, regardless of their preventive medication use, to ensure early identification of any potential infection.
Treatment for heartworm disease is complex and involves multiple steps. It typically includes the administration of an adulticide (a drug that kills adult worms) and supportive care to manage symptoms during the treatment process. The most commonly used adulticide is melarsomine dihydrochloride, which is administered through a series of injections. Additionally, dogs are often prescribed macrocyclic lactones for microfilariae control and antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections that may occur during the treatment.
Preventing heartworm disease is essential and involves the use of prophylactic medications, typically administered monthly. These medications kill immature larvae before they can develop into adult worms. Commonly used preventives include ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, selamectin, and moxidectin. Additionally, controlling the mosquito population around dogs and minimizing their exposure to mosquito bites can further reduce the risk of infection.
In summary, heartworm disease in dogs is a serious condition caused by the parasitic worm Dirofilaria immitis. Transmitted through mosquito bites, this disease can lead to severe health issues if left untreated. Regular testing, prompt treatment, and consistent use of preventive medications are vital for managing and preventing heartworm disease in dogs.