What is the name of the rabies vaccine for humans after a dog bite? - briefly
The vaccine administered to humans following a dog bite to prevent rabies is commonly known as the human rabies vaccine. It is typically given in conjunction with rabies immunoglobulin as part of post-exposure prophylaxis.
What is the name of the rabies vaccine for humans after a dog bite? - in detail
Rabies is a severe viral infection that affects the central nervous system and is almost always fatal once symptoms appear. The primary route of transmission to humans is through the bite of an infected animal, with dogs being the most common culprits. Fortunately, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highly effective in preventing the onset of rabies if administered promptly.
The vaccine used for human post-exposure prophylaxis is commonly known as the Human Diploid Cell Vaccine (HDCV) or the Rabbit Brain Vaccine (RBV). However, the most widely used and recommended vaccine today is the Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine (PCECV), also known as Verorab. This vaccine is produced in chick embryo cells and is considered safe and effective. Another commonly used vaccine is the Purified Vero Cell Vaccine (PVCV), known as Rabipur. Both PCECV and PVCV are inactivated vaccines, meaning they contain killed rabies virus particles, which stimulate the body's immune response without causing the disease.
The rabies vaccine is typically administered in a series of injections. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the Essen regimen, which involves administering the vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Alternatively, the Zagreb regimen, which involves administering the vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, and 28 with additional intradermal injections on days 3 and 7, may also be used. The choice of regimen depends on the availability of the vaccine and the specific guidelines of the healthcare provider.
In addition to the vaccine, rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is often administered to provide immediate passive immunity. RIG is typically derived from the blood of human donors who have been vaccinated against rabies. It is injected around the wound site to neutralize any rabies virus that may be present. The combination of RIG and the vaccine provides the most effective protection against rabies.
It is crucial to seek medical attention immediately after a dog bite, especially if the animal is suspected to be rabid. Early administration of the vaccine and RIG can prevent the development of rabies and save lives. Healthcare professionals are trained to assess the risk of rabies exposure and to administer the appropriate PEP measures. Public health authorities also play a vital role in monitoring and controlling rabies outbreaks, ensuring that the necessary vaccines and treatments are available to those in need.