What should be done when a dog gives birth? - briefly
When a dog gives birth, ensure the whelping area is clean, warm, and quiet. Monitor the mother and puppies closely for any signs of distress or complications, and consult a veterinarian if necessary.
What should be done when a dog gives birth? - in detail
When a dog is about to give birth, it is crucial for the owner to be well-prepared and informed to ensure the safety and health of both the mother and her puppies. Preparation should begin well before the expected due date. The owner should have a designated whelping area that is clean, quiet, and draft-free. This area should be equipped with necessary supplies such as clean towels, heating pads, a whelping box, and a scale for weighing the puppies. It is also essential to have the contact information of a veterinarian readily available in case of emergencies.
Monitoring the mother dog's behavior and physical signs is vital. In the days leading up to labor, the mother may become restless, nest, or lose her appetite. Her body temperature may drop slightly, typically to around 98-99°F (36.7-37.2°C), about 12-24 hours before labor begins. During labor, the mother will experience contractions and may pant, pace, or vocalize. The first stage of labor involves the dilation of the cervix and can last several hours. The second stage begins when the puppies start to emerge. This stage can also be prolonged, especially if the mother is having difficulty.
Assisting during the birthing process requires patience and a calm demeanor. The owner should allow the mother to proceed naturally, intervening only if necessary. If a puppy is stuck or if the mother is exhausted, gentle assistance may be required. Gloves should be worn to maintain hygiene, and the puppy should be pulled gently by the legs, not the head or body, to avoid injury. After each puppy is born, the mother will typically bite through the umbilical cord and clean the puppy. The owner should ensure that each puppy is breathing and nursing properly. If a puppy is not breathing, gentle stimulation such as rubbing with a towel or using a bulb syringe to clear the airway may be necessary.
Post-birth care is equally important. The whelping area should be kept clean to prevent infections. The mother and puppies should be monitored for any signs of illness or complications, such as fever, lethargy, or failure to nurse. The puppies should gain weight steadily, and their umbilical cords should heal without issue. Regular veterinary check-ups are recommended to ensure the health of the mother and her litter. Proper nutrition, hydration, and rest are essential for the mother's recovery and the puppies' growth. The owner should also be prepared to handle any potential emergencies, such as mastitis in the mother or failure to thrive in the puppies.