What tests are done for dog allergies in children? - briefly
To diagnose dog allergies in children, doctors typically perform skin prick tests or blood tests (specific IgE testing) to identify allergic reactions to dog dander.
What tests are done for dog allergies in children? - in detail
To determine if a child has an allergy to dogs, healthcare professionals typically employ several diagnostic tests. The most common initial approach is a skin prick test, where a small amount of dog allergen extract is applied to the skin, usually on the forearm or back. The skin is then lightly pricked to allow the allergen to penetrate. If the child is allergic, a raised, red bump resembling a mosquito bite will appear within 15-20 minutes, indicating a positive reaction. Another method is the intradermal test, where a tiny amount of allergen is injected just beneath the skin. This test is more sensitive but also carries a slightly higher risk of severe reactions. Blood tests, such as the ImmunoCAP or RAST test, measure the level of specific IgE antibodies to dog allergens in the bloodstream. These tests are particularly useful if skin tests cannot be performed due to severe eczema, dermatographism, or the use of antihistamines. In some cases, an elimination trial may be recommended, where the child is removed from environments with dogs for a period to observe if symptoms improve. Reintroduction of the dog can then confirm the allergy if symptoms reappear. Patch testing is less common but may be used if contact dermatitis is suspected. This involves applying a patch containing dog allergens to the skin for 48 hours to check for delayed allergic reactions. A thorough medical history and physical examination are also essential to correlate test results with the child's symptoms and exposure history. Accurate diagnosis ensures appropriate management, which may include allergen avoidance, medication, or immunotherapy.