What tests should be done to determine a dog allergy? - briefly
To determine a dog allergy, skin prick tests and blood tests are commonly used. Skin prick tests involve applying a small amount of dog dander to the skin and observing for any reactions, while blood tests measure the level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies produced in response to dog allergens.
What tests should be done to determine a dog allergy? - in detail
To accurately diagnose a dog allergy, several tests can be performed to provide comprehensive information about the individual's immune response to dogs. The primary goal is to identify specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that are produced in response to dog allergens. Here are the most reliable and commonly used methods:
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Skin Prick Test: This test involves placing a small amount of dog allergen extract on the skin, usually on the forearm or back, and then pricking the skin with a sterile probe to allow the allergen beneath the surface. If the individual is allergic to dogs, a red, itchy bump (wheal) will appear within 15-20 minutes. This reaction indicates that the immune system has recognized and responded to the dog allergen.
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Intradermal Test: Similar to the skin prick test, this method involves injecting a small amount of dog allergen extract into the skin. It is often used when the skin prick test does not produce clear results. A positive reaction will cause a larger and more defined wheal and flare response.
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Blood Test (Immunoassay): This test measures the amount of IgE antibodies in the bloodstream that are specific to dog allergens. A blood sample is taken from the individual, and then specific dog allergens are added to the sample. If there is a significant increase in IgE levels in response to the dog allergens, it indicates an allergy. This test is particularly useful for individuals who cannot undergo skin testing due to medications or severe skin conditions.
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Patch Test: Although less commonly used for diagnosing dog allergies, patch tests can be employed to assess delayed hypersensitivity reactions. A small amount of dog allergen extract is placed on a patch and applied to the skin for 24-72 hours. If there is a positive reaction, it will typically appear as redness or irritation several days after the patch has been removed.
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Specific IgE Test (sIgE): This blood test specifically measures the level of IgE antibodies to dog allergens. It is highly sensitive and can detect even small amounts of IgE, making it a reliable tool for diagnosing dog allergies. The results are usually reported as class scores or quantitative values that indicate the severity of the allergy.
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Basophil Activation Test (BAT): This is a newer and less commonly used method that involves stimulating basophils (a type of white blood cell) with dog allergens in a laboratory setting. If the individual has a dog allergy, the basophils will release specific markers that can be detected. BAT is not yet widely available but shows promise as a non-invasive and sensitive diagnostic tool.
By combining these tests, healthcare providers can achieve a more accurate diagnosis of dog allergies. It is essential to consult with an allergist or immunologist who can interpret the results in the context of the individual's medical history and symptoms.