What to do during labor in a dog?

What to do during labor in a dog? - briefly

During canine labor, it is crucial to maintain a quiet and comfortable environment for the mother. If labor seems prolonged or there are signs of distress, immediate veterinary assistance should be sought.

What to do during labor in a dog? - in detail

Labor in dogs, also known as whelping or parturition, is a natural process that requires careful monitoring and support from the owner. It is essential to be well-prepared beforehand to ensure the safety and comfort of both the mother and her puppies. Here are detailed steps to follow during labor in a dog:

1. Preparation: Before labor begins, create a comfortable whelping box for the mother. This should be a clean, quiet space with low lighting. Line the box with soft towels or blankets to provide cushioning and warmth for the newborn puppies. Ensure the box is large enough for the mother to move around but small enough to keep the puppies close to her body heat.

2. Monitoring: Closely observe the dog's behavior during the final stages of pregnancy. Signs that labor may begin soon include nesting behaviors, such as digging or tearing up bedding, restlessness, panting, and a decrease in appetite. Additionally, the mother's body temperature may drop slightly just before labor starts.

3. Stage One: Pre-labor: This stage can last from 6 to 24 hours. During this time, the dog will experience contractions that are not yet strong enough to dilate the cervix. She may appear restless and may pace or dig at her bedding. Provide comfort and support by staying nearby but avoiding unnecessary interaction.

4. Stage Two: Active Labor: Once stage two begins, the dog's body temperature will rise again. She will have strong contractions every 1-3 hours, and you will see clear or greenish discharge from her vulva. The cervix will dilate, allowing the first puppy to pass through the birth canal. This stage can last up to 24 hours for a first-time mother and 12 hours for an experienced dog.

   • Delivery of Puppies: Each puppy is delivered in a sac that must be carefully broken by the mother or owner. If the mother does not break the sac, gently dry off the puppy with a clean towel and rupture it manually using your fingers. Ensure the puppy's airways are clear and stimulate breathing if necessary. The placenta should follow shortly after each puppy is born.

   • Umbilical Cord: Allow the mother to chew off the umbilical cord, as this helps to release oxytocin, a hormone that promotes contractions and milk let-down. If she does not do so, you can tie off the cord with dental floss or string about 1 inch from the puppy's body and cut it.

5. Stage Three: Post-labor: This stage involves the delivery of the placenta after each puppy. The mother should pass all placentas within a few hours of delivering her last puppy. Count the number of placentas to ensure they match the number of puppies born. If any are missing, contact your veterinarian immediately, as this could indicate retained placenta, which requires medical intervention.

6. Newborn Care: Keep the newborn puppies warm and dry. Provide a heat source such as a heating pad set on low, wrapped in a towel, for the puppies to snuggle against. Monitor the mother's behavior closely to ensure she is caring for her puppies appropriately. If you notice any signs of neglect or aggression, contact your veterinarian for guidance.

7. Feeding: Ensure the mother has access to fresh water and a nutritious diet to support lactation. Puppies should begin nursing within the first hour after birth, as this is when they receive vital antibodies from the colostrum in their mother's milk. If the puppies are not nursing well, you may need to supplement with a commercial milk replacer or consult your veterinarian.

8. Veterinary Care: While labor in dogs is often a natural process, complications can arise. It is essential to have your veterinarian's contact information readily available and know when to seek professional help. Contact your vet immediately if:

   • The mother has not delivered any puppies within 4-6 hours of the onset of strong contractions.
   • There are signs of green or foul-smelling discharge, which could indicate an infection.
   • The mother appears lethargic, weak, or uninterested in her puppies.
   • A puppy is born stillborn or shows signs of distress, such as blue gums or difficulty breathing.

By following these steps and staying attentive to the needs of both the mother and her puppies, you can help ensure a successful and safe labor experience for your dog.