What vaccinations do dogs need? - briefly
Dogs typically require vaccinations against rabies, distemper, parvovirus, and adenovirus (hepatitis). Some dogs may also benefit from vaccines for Bordetella bronchiseptica, Leptospira, Lyme disease, and canine influenza, depending on their lifestyle and location.
What vaccinations do dogs need? - in detail
Dogs, like humans, require vaccinations to protect them from various diseases. Vaccines work by stimulating the dog's immune system to produce antibodies that fight off specific infections. Here are the core vaccines that dogs typically need:
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Distemper-Adenovirus-Parvovirus (DAPP): This is a combination vaccine that protects against several severe diseases. Distemper affects the respiratory and nervous systems, causing symptoms like coughing, diarrhea, and seizures. Adenovirus type 2 can cause hepatitis, leading to liver failure. Parvovirus attacks the intestines, causing vomiting and diarrhea that can be fatal. Puppies usually receive this vaccine in a series of three shots starting at 6-8 weeks old.
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Rabies: Rabies is a viral disease that affects the nervous system and is almost always fatal once symptoms appear. It is zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted to humans. Vaccination against rabies is required by law in many areas. Puppies typically receive their first rabies vaccine at 12-16 weeks old, followed by a booster one year later and then every three years.
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Bordetella (Kennel Cough): This bacterial infection causes a persistent cough, similar to a chest cold in humans. It is highly contagious and commonly spread in environments where many dogs are housed together, such as kennels or dog shows. The vaccine for Bordetella is usually given intranasally (through the nose), providing protection within hours. Puppies can receive this vaccine as early as 3 weeks old, with boosters every 6-12 months depending on exposure risk.
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Leptospirosis: This bacterial infection affects the kidneys and liver, causing symptoms like fever, vomiting, and lethargy. It is spread through contact with infected urine or contaminated water sources. Leptospirosis vaccines are typically administered annually.
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Canine Influenza (Dog Flu): Similar to human influenza, canine influenza causes respiratory symptoms like coughing, sneezing, and fever. There are two strains of the virus, H3N8 and H3N2, and vaccines are available for both. The vaccine is recommended for dogs at high risk of exposure, such as those that attend dog shows or visit dog parks frequently.
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Coronavirus: This viral infection targets the intestinal tract, causing vomiting and diarrhea. While not typically life-threatening, it can be debilitating and is highly contagious. Vaccination against coronavirus is often included in combination vaccines and is generally recommended for puppies at high risk of exposure.
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Lyme Disease: This bacterial infection is spread by ticks and can cause symptoms like fever, joint pain, and lethargy. The vaccine for Lyme disease is considered non-core because its use depends on the dog's lifestyle and risk of exposure to ticks. It is typically given in a series of three shots with annual boosters.
It's crucial to consult with a veterinarian to determine the specific vaccination needs of your dog, as these can vary based on factors such as age, health status, and lifestyle. Regular check-ups are also important for maintaining overall canine health and ensuring that all necessary vaccinations are up-to-date.