What were ancient Egyptian dogs called? - briefly
Ancient Egyptian dogs were often referred to as "Tesem" in hieroglyphic texts. This term was used broadly to describe various breeds of dogs that were common in ancient Egypt.
What were ancient Egyptian dogs called? - in detail
Ancient Egyptians held dogs in high regard, often depicting them in art and literature. The most commonly referenced dog breeds in ancient Egyptian texts and artifacts are Anubis and Saluki.
Anubis is perhaps the most well-known of all ancient Egyptian dogs. Named after the jackal-headed god of the dead, this breed was highly revered for its role in guiding souls to the afterlife. The ancient Egyptians believed that Anubis would lead them through the complex journey of death and rebirth. In art, Anubis is often depicted with a distinctive black coat, symbolizing the fertile soil of the Nile Delta.
The Saluki, on the other hand, was valued for its hunting prowess. Known for their speed and endurance, these dogs were used in desert hunts, pursuing gazelles and other game across vast distances. The Saluki's name is derived from the ancient city of Salalah in Oman, indicating a rich historical lineage that predates written records.
Beyond these specific breeds, many ancient Egyptian texts also refer to dogs more generally as "iw" or "auw." These terms were used interchangeably and often translated simply as "dog." Despite the generic nature of these terms, they underscore the deep respect and affection that ancient Egyptians had for their canine companions.
In summary, while specific breeds like Anubis and Saluki are well-documented in ancient Egyptian culture, the general term for dog was "iw" or "auw." Each of these names reflects the unique relationship between humans and dogs in ancient Egypt, highlighting the crucial roles that these animals played in both religious rituals and everyday life.