What were dogs called in the past? - briefly
In ancient times, dogs were often referred to as "hounds" or simply "dogs," reflecting their role as companions and hunters. Over time, specific breed names emerged as different types of dogs were developed for various purposes such as guarding, herding, and retrieving.
What were dogs called in the past? - in detail
The history of dogs and their names is as rich and varied as the species itself. Throughout time, humans have referred to these loyal companions by a multitude of terms, reflecting both cultural practices and practical uses.
In ancient times, particularly in Mesopotamia around 11,000 BC, dogs were often simply referred to as "the hound" or "the dog." These early civilizations recognized the utility of canines for tasks such as hunting and guarding livestock. The Sumerians had a term that transliterates to something akin to "uru," which was used broadly for domestic dogs.
The ancient Greeks, known for their philosophical inquiries and cultural advancements, also utilized various names for dogs. Terms such as "kyon" (κύων) were commonly used, denoting the general idea of a dog. However, specific breeds or roles could be indicated by additional descriptors, like "agrios" (άγριος) for hunting dogs or "kynos" (κύνος) for more domesticated pets.
In ancient Rome, canines were often called "canis," a term that has endured in scientific nomenclature as "Canis lupus familiaris." This Latin word not only denotes the species but also underscores the close genetic relationship between dogs and wolves. Romans also distinguished between different types of dogs, such as "molossus" for large guard dogs and "vertragus" for smaller, more agile hunting breeds.
Medieval Europe saw a proliferation of terms influenced by local languages and customs. In Old English, for instance, the term "hund" was prevalent, which evolved into the modern "hound." The Norman Conquest introduced French words into English vocabulary, leading to the use of terms like "chien," particularly in aristocratic circles where dogs were often used for hunting purposes.
Throughout these historical periods, the names given to dogs not only reflected their physical characteristics and roles but also mirrored the societal structures and cultural practices of the time. As civilization progressed, so did the terminology surrounding man's best friend, reflecting the deepening bond between humans and canines.
In modern times, while many ancient terms have fallen out of common usage, they continue to influence contemporary language and provide insight into the rich history of our relationship with dogs. Whether referred to as pets, companions, or working animals, the names we give to dogs today echo the multifaceted roles they have played throughout history.