What will happen if bitten by a rabid dog? - briefly
If you are bitten by a rabid dog, prompt medical attention is crucial. The virus can spread rapidly and, without treatment, it can be fatal.
What will happen if bitten by a rabid dog? - in detail
If an individual is bitten by a rabid dog, several critical processes and potential outcomes can be expected. Firstly, it's crucial to understand that rabies is a viral disease caused by a lyssavirus, most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. The virus attacks the nervous system, progressively leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, and general weakness. As the disease advances, more severe neurological signs appear, including hallucinations, paralysis, and hydrophobia—an intense fear of water that is often associated with rabies.
Immediately after a bite from a potentially rabid dog, the first step should be to cleanse the wound thoroughly with soap and water to remove any saliva or debris. However, it's essential not to use alcohol or hydrogen peroxide, as these can damage tissue and potentially slow down healing. Prompt medical attention is vital; healthcare professionals will assess the risk of rabies transmission based on various factors, including the type of animal, its behavior, and whether it was vaccinated against rabies.
If the bite is deemed to pose a high risk, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) will be administered. This typically involves a series of vaccinations, usually given on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after exposure. Additionally, rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) may be provided, especially if the individual has not been previously vaccinated against rabies. RIG is administered once, ideally at the site of the bite, to provide immediate protection while the vaccine builds up immunity over time.
Without proper treatment, the progression of rabies can be swift and fatal. Once symptoms appear, rabies is almost always lethal, with a mortality rate approaching 100%. Therefore, early recognition of the risk and prompt administration of PEP are critical to prevent the onset of clinical disease. It's also important to note that even with treatment, there can be no guarantee of complete protection, underscoring the need for vigilance and immediate medical intervention following a bite from a potentially rabid dog.
In summary, being bitten by a rabid dog triggers a series of responses that require prompt medical attention. Cleaning the wound, assessing the risk, and administering PEP are crucial steps to prevent the onset of this severe and often fatal disease.