Why does a dog itch severely, what are the reasons? - briefly
A dog may itch severely due to allergies, flea bites, or skin infections. These conditions can cause intense irritation and discomfort, leading to persistent scratching.
Why does a dog itch severely, what are the reasons? - in detail
A dog's severe itching can be attributed to several underlying factors that necessitate prompt veterinary attention. The primary causes of intense pruritus in dogs include allergic reactions, parasitic infestations, and skin diseases.
Allergies are a common culprit behind severe itching in dogs. These can be further categorized into four main types: flea allergy dermatitis, food allergies, contact allergies, and atopy (inhalant allergies). Flea allergy dermatitis occurs when a dog is hypersensitive to flea saliva, leading to intense itching even from a single flea bite. Food allergies result from adverse reactions to specific ingredients in the dog's diet, commonly proteins like beef or chicken. Contact allergies are triggered by direct contact with irritants such as chemicals, fabrics, or plants. Atopy is caused by inhaled allergens like pollen, dust mites, or mold spores.
Parasitic infestations can also cause severe itching in dogs. The most prevalent parasites include fleas, ticks, and mites. Fleas are the most common external parasite, feeding on a dog's blood and causing intense irritation. Ticks can transmit diseases that result in skin issues and itching. Mites, such as Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies) or Demodex canis, burrow into the skin, leading to significant discomfort and itching.
Skin diseases are another major factor contributing to severe itching in dogs. Bacterial infections, fungal infections, and autoimmune disorders can all cause pruritus. Bacterial infections like Staphylococcus intermedius can lead to skin irritation and itching. Fungal infections such as Malassezia pachydermatis or ringworm (Microsporum) can also result in intense itching. Autoimmune disorders, where the dog's immune system attacks its own skin cells, can cause severe pruritus.
Additionally, hormonal imbalances and endocrine disorders can lead to excessive itching. Conditions like hypothyroidism or Cushing's disease can alter the skin's integrity and result in pruritus. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, leading to dry skin and hair loss. Cushing's disease is characterized by an excess of cortisol, which can cause thinning of the skin and increased susceptibility to infections.
In summary, a dog's severe itching can be caused by allergies, parasitic infestations, skin diseases, hormonal imbalances, or a combination of these factors. It is essential to consult with a veterinarian for a thorough examination and appropriate treatment to alleviate the discomfort and address the underlying cause effectively.