Why is grapes poisonous to dogs?

Why is grapes poisonous to dogs? - briefly

Grapes are toxic to dogs because they contain an unknown substance that can cause severe kidney damage, potentially leading to acute kidney failure. Even small amounts can be harmful, making it essential to avoid feeding grapes or raisins to dogs.

Why is grapes poisonous to dogs? - in detail

Grapes are highly toxic to dogs, and their consumption can lead to severe health complications, including acute kidney failure. The exact substance within grapes that causes this toxicity remains unidentified, but research suggests that tartaric acid and potassium bitartrate, compounds naturally present in grapes, may be responsible. Even small quantities of grapes, raisins, or currants can trigger adverse reactions in dogs, and the severity of the reaction does not always correlate with the amount ingested. Symptoms of grape toxicity typically manifest within 6 to 12 hours after consumption and include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. As the condition progresses, dogs may exhibit signs of kidney failure, such as decreased urine production, dehydration, and elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Immediate veterinary intervention is crucial if grape ingestion is suspected. Treatment often involves inducing vomiting, administering activated charcoal to limit toxin absorption, and providing intravenous fluids to support kidney function. In severe cases, dialysis may be required to manage kidney failure. Prevention is essential, and dog owners should ensure grapes and related products are kept out of reach to avoid accidental ingestion. The toxicity of grapes to dogs underscores the importance of understanding species-specific dietary sensitivities and the potential dangers of seemingly harmless human foods.