Within what time period after a dog bite should a person get vaccinated against rabies? - briefly
A person should receive the first dose of rabies vaccine as soon as possible after a dog bite, ideally within 24 hours. The complete vaccination series should be completed within 14 days to ensure optimal protection against rabies infection.
Within what time period after a dog bite should a person get vaccinated against rabies? - in detail
After being bitten by a dog, it is crucial for an individual to receive immediate medical attention and consider vaccination against rabies within a specific time frame. Rabies is a viral disease that is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, making prompt action essential. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes both the rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin for those who have not been previously vaccinated, should be administered as soon as possible after a suspected exposure to rabies.
Ideally, the first dose of the rabies vaccine should be given within 24 hours of the bite incident. This initial dose is followed by two additional doses on days 3 and 7. For individuals who have been previously vaccinated against rabies, only two doses are required—one immediately after exposure and another on day 3. It is important to note that even if the first dose is delayed beyond 24 hours, the vaccine series should still be completed as soon as possible.
In addition to the vaccine, rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is administered to individuals who have not been previously vaccinated against rabies. RIG provides immediate passive immunity and should be given at the same time or as soon as possible after the first dose of the vaccine. The administration of RIG is particularly important for high-risk exposures, such as bites on the face or neck, multiple bites, or bites from an animal suspected to have rabies.
It is also crucial to monitor the animal involved in the bite incident if possible. If the animal can be safely observed for 10 days without showing signs of rabies, vaccination may not be necessary. However, if the animal cannot be found or observed, or if it shows signs of rabies, PEP should be administered promptly.
In summary, the time period after a dog bite during which an individual should get vaccinated against rabies is as soon as possible, ideally within 24 hours. Prompt administration of the vaccine and immunoglobulin, when indicated, significantly reduces the risk of developing rabies and ensures the best chance for survival if exposure occurs.