"Gastric torsion" - what is it, definition of the term
Gastric torsion, also known as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a life-threatening condition that affects dogs. It occurs when the stomach fills with gas and fluid, causing it to distend and rotate around its long axis, effectively trapping the contents within. This twisting of the stomach not only obstructs the normal passage of food but also compromises blood flow, leading to a range of serious complications including shock, organ failure, and even death if left untreated. Prompt veterinary intervention is crucial for successful outcomes in dogs experiencing gastric torsion.
Detailed information
Gastric torsion, also known as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a life-threatening condition that primarily affects large and giant breeds of dogs. This emergency situation occurs when the stomach fills with gas, food, or fluid, causing it to distend or bloat. Subsequently, the stomach can twist on itself, leading to a closure of the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the stomach wall and other vital organs. The exact cause of gastric torsion remains unknown, but several factors have been identified as potential triggers, including eating a large meal quickly, drinking excessive amounts of water after exercise, and hereditary predispositions.
Symptoms of gastric torsion in dogs typically include restlessness, pacing, and an attempt to vomit without producing any substance. The abdomen may appear swollen or distended, and the dog may exhibit signs of pain such as whining or groaning. As the condition progresses, the dog's gums may turn pale or blue due to reduced blood flow, indicating a state of shock. In severe cases, the heart rate may increase significantly, and the dog may collapse or become unresponsive.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for dogs with gastric torsion. Veterinarians often rely on radiographs (X-rays) to confirm the presence of a distended stomach and any evidence of twisting. In some cases, an ultrasound may be used to assess blood flow and detect potential complications.
Treatment for gastric torsion involves several steps. Initially, the veterinarian will stabilize the dog by addressing any shock or dehydration through intravenous fluid therapy. Once stable, the stomach is decompressed by passing a tube through the mouth into the stomach to release the accumulated gas and fluids. If twisting of the stomach has occurred, surgical intervention may be necessary to untwist the stomach and secure it in place with sutures or tacking procedures to prevent future torsions. Post-operative care includes close monitoring for signs of complications such as perforation of the stomach wall or infection.
Preventive measures play a significant role in reducing the risk of gastric torsion. Feeding dogs smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding excessive exercise immediately after eating can help prevent bloating. Elevated food bowls may also reduce the likelihood of GDV by encouraging slower consumption of food and minimizing air intake. Additionally, some owners opt for prophylactic gastropexy, a surgical procedure performed to secure the stomach in place during other abdominal surgeries, as a preventive measure against future torsions.
Gastric torsion is an emergency that requires immediate veterinary attention. Early recognition of symptoms and prompt intervention can significantly improve the dog's chances of survival. Owners should be aware of the signs and seek veterinary care immediately if they suspect their dog may be experiencing this condition.